Microwave ovens use high voltage low capacitance (sub microfarad) caps in conjunction with a high voltage rectifier diode to work as a voltage doubler. Magnetrons require very high voltages and, as stated, are dangerous on several levels.
The Villard circuit has a simple composition consisting of a diode and a capacitor. On the one hand, where the Villard circuit provides benefit in terms of simplicity, on the other hand, it is also known to produce output that has ripple characteristics that are considered very poor.
Essentially, the Villard circuit is a form of diode clamp circuit. The negative high cycles are used in order to charge the capacitor to the AC peak voltage (Vpk). The AC waveform as the input along with the capacitor’s steady DC’s superposition forms the output.
The waveform’s DC value is shifted by using the effect of the circuit on it. Since the diode clamps the AC waveform’s negative peaks to the value of 0V (in actual terms it is -VF, which is the small forward bias voltage of the diode); the output waveform’s positive peaks are of the value of 2Vpk.
The peak-to-peak is difficult to smoothen since it is of the enormous size of the value of 2Vpk and thus it can be smoothed only when the circuit is transformed into any other more sophisticated forms in an effective manner.
The negative high voltage is supplied to the magnetron by using this circuit (which consists of diode in reverse form) in a microwave oven.
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