#instrumentationamplifier #opampamplifier
many industrial systems, process control systems require precise measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, humidity levels, pressure levels, weight of any quantity and even flow levels. measuring these values help the industries to produce quality products.
the measurement of physical quantities are generally carried out with the help of devices known as 'TRANSDUCERS'.
A transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another. Considered an example, a piezoelectric transducer converts force into output voltage, a thermocouple gives output voltage proportional to the temperature being measured.
Practically, the transducer output is of very low level signals which needs to be amplified for further process. one more difficulty in the practical systems is that the transducer used may be mounted on pieces of equipment or structures which are remotely located from the control point. in such cases, long connecting wires are required to get the transducer output to control point. All these arrangements includes noise and atmospheric interference, and the final output received at control point maybe in the order of mV or even in the order of micro. Hence before the next stage, it is necessary to amplify the transducer output, rejecting the noise and atmospheric interference.
here in this case, a general single ended amplifier like high gain emitter amplifier is not suitably does this work. for rejection of noise such amplifiers must have very high COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO.
The special amplifier which is used for such a low level amplification with high CMRR, high input impedance to avoid loading, low power consumption is an 'INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER '.
such special featured instrumentation amplifiers have become an integral part of modern testing and measurement instrumentation.
This amplifier is also known by the name "data amplifier " and is basically a difference amplifier.
the expression for the gain of the instrumentation amplifier is derived in detail in this lecture video by 'ushendra's engineering tutorials'.
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