This is a flowchart on ischemic strokes, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Risk factors / SDOH
Cell / tissue damage
Structural factors
Ischemic stroke
Medicine / nosocomial
Infectious / microbial
Biochem / molecular bio
Immunology / inflammation
Signs / symptoms
Tests / imaging / labs
Metabolic / hormonal
Genetics / hereditary
Flow physiology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Manifestations
Insufficient cerebral blood flow (hypoperfusion)
Ischemia
Infarction or other neuronal injury
Dislodged emboli occludes cerebral blood vessel
Embolic stroke (20%)
Afib: uncoordinated atrial contractions
Blood stasis → clot
Ventricular aneurysms
CAD / MI
Rheumatic heart disease
Endocarditis → infectious emboli
VTE (DVT)
R→L shunt (PFO, ASD)
Paradoxical embolism
Atheroemboli, such as at carotid bifurcation aortic arch
Blood clot formation inside blood vessel
Thrombotic stroke (40%)
Athero- sclerotic plaque
Exposure of subendothelial collagen
Formation of thrombus (20%), commonly at branch points
HTN
T2DM
Chronic hypertensive vasculopathy
Lipohyalinosis of small vessels → occlusion (lacunar stroke, 20%)
Global cerebral ischemia
Systemic hypoperfusion (affecting watershed areas)
Shock
(Insulinoma →) hypoglycemia
(Respiratory arrest →) hypoxia
Weakness / paralysis
Paresthesias (“pins and needles” sensation)
Aphasia (can’t comprehend and/or formulate language)
Dysarthria (impaired motor articulation)
Impaired consciousness
Nausea, vomiting
Headache
Seizures
Sudden onset of focal neurological deficits
Nonspecific symptoms
Негізгі бет Ischemic stroke (mechanism of disease)
Пікірлер: 3