The ancient Greek city of Gadara was strategically situated on a promontory with panoramic views of the Sea of Galilee and the Yarmuk River. Nestled at the foot of the hill, in the Yarmuk Valley, was Hamat Gader, renowned for its hot springs. During the Roman era, these thermal baths gained fame for their therapeutic properties, leading to the construction of the second-largest bath complex in the Roman Empire.
Prominent figures from various backgrounds visited these baths, including revered rabbinical figures and notable Greek philosophers and tutors such as Meleager and Philodemus. The Hamat Tiberias synagogue, standing today, was built between 286 and 337 CE, a period when the Sanhedrin was headquartered in Tiberias. It is known as the Severus Synagogue, named after an inscription found in its mosaic floor.
The mosaic floor, the earliest synagogue mosaic in the country, is a captivating feature of the synagogue. It comprises three panels, with the central one showcasing a stunning zodiac surrounding Helios, the sun god, steering his chariot across the sky. In each corner of this panel, there are images representing the four seasons.
Gadara, along with its hot springs, was an integral part of the "region of the Decapolis," a collection of Greek cities familiar to Jesus. In the Land of the Gadarenes and the Decapolis region, Jesus and his disciples frequently journeyed, offering healing and teachings.
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