The creation of the State of Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are two closely linked historical events that date back to the end of the 19th century.
Zionism, the political movement that aimed to establish a Jewish national home in Palestine, was born in the context of anti-Semitic persecution in Europe.
Palestine, then a province of the Ottoman Empire, was mainly populated by Arab Muslims.
However, after the First World War, Palestine came under the British Mandate, which promised to facilitate the creation of a Jewish state while respecting the rights of the local population.
This dual commitment created tensions between the Jewish and Arab communities, who clashed over the division of the territory.
The Second World War and the Shoah subsequently reinforced the urgency of the Zionist project, but also Arab resistance.
In 1947, the UN proposed a plan to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish and the other Arab, with Jerusalem under international control. The plan was accepted by the Jews, but rejected by the Arabs.
On 14 May 1948, David Ben Gurion proclaimed the birth of the State of Israel, which was immediately recognised by the United States and the USSR. The following day, however, the neighbouring Arab countries launched the first Arab-Israeli war, which resulted in an Israeli victory and the annexation of Palestinian territories.
The war also created the problem of Palestinian refugees, who fled or were expelled from their lands.
00:00 educational documentary
01:48 The Balfour Declaration and the origin of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
04:00 Israeli independence and the Nakba
08:19 The Suez Canal crisis of 1956
12:33 The Six-Day War of 1967 and its geopolitical consequences
16:23 The war of attrition in the Middle East between 1967 and 1970
20:10 The Yom Kippur War and the consequences of the conflict
21:59 The rescue operation at Entebbe airport
27:47 The 1982 Lebanon war
30:27 The Oslo peace agreement between Israel and the PLO
33:49 The second Intifada from 2000 to 2005
37:16 The Hamas attack of 7 October 2023 and the hope for peace in the Middle East
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