淨界法師 :《佛法修學概要》
時間: 2013/06/09
地點:洛杉磯 淨土教觀學苑
編號:期中座談3
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*如何应对生活中的有害虫类以避免犯杀戒*
*问题:*
在日常生活中,若有跳蚤、蚊子、蟑螂等对人体危害较大且急迫的虫类干扰,应当抱持何种态度才能不犯杀戒?
*回答:*
佛陀教导我们在面对这类问题时,遵循以下三条原则:
1. **避开它(上策)**:
- 这是最理想的方式。凡位的菩萨应远离恶因缘,保护自己的善根和戒体。如果一个地方有生命危险或对持戒有重大障碍,就尽量避开它。通过避开恶因缘,创造一个相对安稳的环境,专注修行,最终往生净土。
2. **面对它(中策)**:
- 如果无法避开,那就尽量与其和平共处。与这些众生沟通,每天念佛持咒,为屋内的众生回向,达到互不干扰的共识。通过诚意沟通,避免对其产生伤害,同时保护自己的生活空间。
3. **处理它(下策)**:
- 在情况严重,已经干扰到生命安全或持戒时,可采取处理措施。此时要避免杀心,可以通过其他人来处理,以减少罪业。例如,可以请居士来处理草丛中的蛇或房屋中的白蚁。
总之,面对不可避免的恶因缘,应尽量避免造杀业,以不障碍往生为底线。这些原则帮助我们在日常生活中平衡持戒和处理急迫问题。
*How to Handle Harmful Insects Without Violating the Precept Against Killing*
*Question:*
In daily life, when faced with harmful insects like fleas, mosquitoes, and cockroaches that pose significant and urgent threats to humans, what attitude should one maintain to avoid violating the precept against killing?
*Answer:*
This issue, raised by a practitioner, relates to the non-volitional negative conditions we encounter due to collective karma. Both in the Śrāvaka precepts and the Bodhisattva precepts, the Buddha provided extensive guidance, which can be summarized into three principles:
1. *Avoidance (Best Approach):*
- The ideal solution is to avoid these harmful conditions. The Buddha advised Bodhisattvas at the beginner level to avoid places with potential threats to life or significant obstacles to maintaining precepts. This is because their virtuous roots are still weak, likened to a small sapling that cannot withstand storms. For instance, if a place is infested with ants and you cannot avoid stepping on them, it is best not to live there. Protecting one's precepts and creating a stable environment for practice is the priority, ultimately aiming for rebirth in a Pure Land.
2. *Facing It (Middle Approach):*
- If avoidance is not possible, then one should face the situation with compassion. This involves communicating with the insects, as encountering them indicates past karmic connections. Chanting mantras and dedicating merit to the beings in your living space can foster peaceful coexistence. For example, monks living in secluded areas may deal with various insects and spirits by setting boundaries and respectfully asking not to be disturbed. Communicating with sincerity can help in reaching a mutual understanding.
3. *Handling It (Last Resort):*
- If the harmful insects pose a severe threat to life or significantly disrupt one's practice, handling the situation is permitted. The Buddha allowed for such measures under conditions of life-threatening danger or major obstacles to maintaining precepts. The approach involves avoiding a direct intention to kill. For instance, a monk might ask a layperson to handle the removal of harmful creatures without explicitly instructing them to kill, thus avoiding the creation of negative karma.
In summary, the response to unavoidable negative conditions should prioritize non-violence and the maintenance of precepts, while accepting that some negative karma may be inevitable. The goal is to minimize harm and ensure that one's path to liberation remains unobstructed.
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