The Criminal Tribes Act of 1911 was a British-era law that declared the Kuravar community a "criminal tribe" in 1913. The law applied to the entire country, and in Tamil Nadu, other communities that were classified as "criminal tribes" included the Korachas, Kallars, Ambalgars, Lambadis, Irulars, Dasaris, Kaladis, Maravars, Karumbaravas, Thottia Naicks, and Vettaikarans.
The law allowed local authorities to label any group with a history of committing crimes that weren't punishable by bail as a "criminal tribe". The Kuravar community has faced many challenges as a result of this law, including: Unequal treatment, Criminalization, False charges by the police, Social stigma, and Brutal police torture.
The Kuravar are a nomadic tribe of hunter-gatherers native to the Tamil region's mountains. They were driven out of forests by the British in 1882 and forced to change their identity in 1917. Today, they continue to face many challenges, including repression and division by the government, which has divided the community into 29 sections.
In 1947, a bill was introduced to exclude the Madras Province from the operation of the Criminal Tribes Act, and in 2016, a report on atrocities against the Kuravar community was submitted to the President of India
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