伴随着虎虎生风的拳招掌式,是一声声中气十足的呼喝,马来西亚五祖武术体育总会(仁嘉隆分会)的众学员与理事们聚集在广场上,无惧烈日当空,在叶露平师傅的指导下专注认真地演练五祖拳法。现年81岁的叶师傅步伐稳健,眼神明亮,踱步巡视学员们的动作,不时指点和矫正他们的姿势。过去四十余年来,叶师傅不曾间断地往返于增江(Jinjiang)住家和仁嘉隆(Jenjarom)武馆两地教授五祖拳,如今虽届耄耋之年半退休状态,武馆平日的教导督促也都由年长的弟子们全权负责,师傅却仍三不五时返回武术馆中,尽心尽力传承这项蕴涵中华文化博大精深的体育运动。
五祖拳在后清年代起源于福建泉州,由祖师蔡玉明前辈吸取当时盛行于闽南一带的太祖拳、白鹤拳、达尊拳、罗汉拳、猴拳等五派精华,加上自己对武术的理解融会贯通精研十多年所创造的一套拳术体系。其简洁刚猛、迅疾有力、实战性强的特质,使五祖拳在福建的武术领域中极具影响力,拜在蔡前辈门下的学员众多。随后大批来自闽南地区的华裔先贤为避难或为谋生移居南洋,当中包括蔡前辈的徒弟徒孙在内,落脚后延续传授五祖拳并在新马一带逐渐发扬光大。
以福建人居多的仁嘉隆新村里,早年在开埠初期并没有武术馆,而由叶露平师傅的师尊--傅铁先师和一班师兄带领下,在当地租赁借旷地开班教授五祖拳,发起民间第一所武馆。当时面临种种难题,如学员工作忙碌无法专注、和宵禁令实施等问题,武术班断断续续进行。几年后傅铁师尊不幸逝世,在林定吉师兄的监督与教导有方之下,学员和武馆的技术与精神皆扶摇直上。尔后,林师兄因事务繁忙,并征得叶露平师傅的意愿的带领下,得以在益群幼儿园校舍进行系统化的训练,且在1977年才正式成立「傅铁五祖武术醒狮团」。村内许多家长纷纷把孩子送来武术馆,学习五祖拳、参加醒狮团、练习单轮车等,在娱乐贫瘠的年代可说是最好的聚集地,甚至也有友族同胞加入,武术团规模日益庞大。
通过在地居民对文化传承的热枕,加上团员们的努力,武术团在1982年获得相关机构认可,更名注册为仁嘉隆五祖武术体育分会。除了教导学员们练习五祖拳以外,陆续引用习武的基础下增添了醒狮、高跷、单轮车等项目,促进学习乐趣,同时能够在一些隆重的活动上表演。武术体育会的名声蒸蒸日上,深受地方民众支持,踊跃捐款购置地段建立武术馆。时至今日矗立仁嘉隆幸福村中央的五祖武术馆于2006年底开幕,在旁还搭建了一座小庙敬拜三尊,即达摩祖师、始祖蔡玉明师尊、及傅铁师尊。
不论男女老少都适合学习五祖拳,除了有助增强体能与磨练出锲而不舍的意志力,也能在学习过程中融入团体生活,体悟武德及建立和谐的人际关系等道理。各班学员们刻苦练习之余相亲相爱似一家人,年长的学员也乐意回馈叶师傅的栽培,延续传授武艺和精神,例如武术馆现任出队主任孙振达大哥。孙大哥学习五祖拳三十八年来,从一名懵懂的小学员到如今身负重任的兄长,安排协调各地的演出及处处照顾其团员。近年来,无奈于青壮年纷纷离乡发展的缘故,学员之间出现了明显的断层,仅剩在籍学生和中年兄长,人数也今非昔比,从百人之众锐减至三十五名。
“五肢精炼自卫健身,祖承少林技高艺深” ,刻画在五祖武术馆的门柱上的对联,彰显了习武主要目的是锻炼身体和防身,而并非为了与他人争强斗胜。传承超过一世纪的五祖拳,不单止是中华文化里的国粹,也融合了舞狮成为民间的民粹,是一项有益身心健康的运动。
Performing powerful martial arts moves while emanating forceful shouts, disciples and committee members of the Malaysian Ngo Chor Fitness and Sports Society (Jenjarom Branch) gather on the training ground despite a blazing sun, practicing Ngo Chor drills under the guidance of Master Yap Loo Peng (transliteration). 81-year-old master Yap goes around at a steady pace, fixing his sharp eyesight on disciples, instructing and correcting their postures. Over the past 40-odd years, master Yap has been travelling between his home in Jinjang and the academy in Jenjarom to teach Ngo Chor martial arts. Even though semi-retired due to his advancing age, with older disciples in charge of the academy’s daily routine, master Yap often drops by to maintain his efforts in promoting this cultural sports activity.
Founded in the late Qing dynasty, Ngo Chor martial arts originated from Quanzhou in Hokkien, China. The initiator being master Chua Giok Beng, who created a system after decades of research, by merging principles and techniques from five martial art styles, namely Taizu, White Crane, Bodhidharma, Arhat, and Monkey. Ngo Chor is renowned in southern China for its precision, forcefulness, and practical characteristics, therefore master Chua acquired numerous disciples. As there were some disciples among swarms of southern Chinese who migrated to Malaya, they continued the tradition of Ngo Chor upon settling down.
In Jenjarom where most villagers are of Hokkien ancestry, there was no martial arts academy during its early days. Master Yap’s instructor, the late grandmaster Poh Tie (transliteration), rented a vacant space to teach Ngo Chor, founding an academy together with a bunch of seniors. However various problems such as disciples being busy with their work and the implementation of a curfew caused the classes to be held sporadically. Following master Poh’s death some years later, senior Lim Teng Kiat (transliteration) took over as instructor, both disciples and martial art skills spread rapidly. Eventually as senior Lim was preoccupied with his work, master Yap was sought out to lead in the systematic practice on Aik Kuan kindergarten premises. ‘Poh Tie Ngo Chor Martial Arts Lion Dance Club’ was officially formed in 1977. Parents sent their children to learn Ngo Chor, participate in lion dance, and ride unicycles. Back when entertainment was scarce, it was the best gathering place, even compatriots from other races joined in the expanding martial arts club.
Immense support from local villagers, and the efforts of club members, the authorities approved of the martial arts club in 1982, hence renamed to Jenjarom branch of the Malaysian Ngo Chor Fitness & Sports Society. Apart from Ngo Chor, there are also lion dance, stilts, and unicycling derived from martial art basics. These are fun to learn, and able to perform during events. The society is recognised and gained support from local villagers who donated generously to build an academy. The Ngo Chor academy building, which stood amid Jenjarom village, was inaugurated in 2006. A small temple was built in honor of the three antecessors, namely Bodhidharma, the initiator Chua Giok Beng, and grand master Poh Tie.
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文 Text/ 潘慧雯 Pua Hui Wen
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