I kill for anything geography in-depth without unecessary bullshit and to me you pulled it off perfectly. Concise. I'm saving this in my internet gems folder
@philippfrogel9355
Жыл бұрын
What else is in this gem folder, if I may ask?
@ignvb
Жыл бұрын
wow, you may share that list dude!
@a-cd2lw
5 ай бұрын
Wait, you have a folder of amazing videos?
@error.418
Жыл бұрын
"You might think math and [insert literally anything] are [not connected], but they are more connected than you think" true.
@kruje314
Ай бұрын
Uranus?
@error.418
Ай бұрын
@@kruje314 Of course math is connected to understand the planet and the bad pronunciation pun
@bettercalldelta
2 жыл бұрын
Lol I was going to comment about flat earthers claiming the earth is the Azimuthal projection but then you said it. Awesome video btw
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
thank you haha :)
@zyxw59
Жыл бұрын
Web maps are a use case for Mercator that it (obviously) wasn't designed for, but suites well - its conformal and orientation-preserving properties mean that you can have a map where you can zoom in at any point without reprojecting, all while maintaining directions and shapes.
@TeslabladePlaysMC
Жыл бұрын
It's worth noting that some web maps, especially Google Maps, have started using a perspective projection since the 3D graphics required to do that is trivial, and basically all modern browsers support 3D graphics. It's also just a much better way to show Earth accurately, especially at the poles.
@HelmutNevermore
8 ай бұрын
I like the azimuthal equidistant projection, its only flaw is that it's centered at the North pole, whereas it should be centered at the point that the world revolves around - which is, of course, me. Joking aside, such map centered at any given point of particular interest may distort shapes and areas and directions and distances between two random points on the map, but it tells you accurately how far things are from you and in which direction you should go to reach them. What else could you possibly want from a map?
@angelradness5542
2 жыл бұрын
How does this channel only have less than 2000 subscribers? This is fantastic Level of presentation for such a low subscriber channel. Great job!
@FreyrDev
2 жыл бұрын
I always love to see videos on map projections, so this is great, I need more places to spread the word of our lord and saviour the Kavrayskiy VII Projection lol
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Yeah, I didn't mention it in the video because I think the total scores shouldn't be taken too seriously, but the Kavrayskiy 7 got the highest score out of all the projections at 14. In my opinion, the other compromise projections sacrifice too much in terms of orientation distortion, but the Kavrayskiy 7 has the perfect amount.
@alleycatsphinx
Жыл бұрын
@@Kuvinaaww, spaceforce!!!
@borja4015
2 жыл бұрын
Great job, I wish I had found a video like this years ago, when I first tried to understand about the Mercator projection. There were some Interesting factshere , and I think you got a nice balance between the rigour/math and a good pacing.
@ValkyRiver
Ай бұрын
Remember: whenever you look at a globe, you are actually seeing a perspective projection of it
@ckq
2 жыл бұрын
I've always been fascinated by map projections, but never found any resource with explanations about the math of it. Great video
@fredg8328
2 жыл бұрын
If you look at the Wikipedia page for map projections it brings you to the pages for each projection where you will find the maths most of the time. Unfortunately it is not always easy to follow and it misses some informations when you want to code a program to display them. This video is not really more helpful for that purpose. For example when you code it on a computer your map is a rectangular texture with a width and a height, but the video does take that into account in the equations. For some projections it is impossible because you would need an infinite map. The angles are switching between degrees and radians too...
@DialecticRed
Жыл бұрын
My favorite map projection is the Peirce Quincuncial projection. I think it is potentially the best map projection of the earth because even though distortion exists, it is relegated to relatively insignificant areas (all in oceans), and it has the great property that it can tile the plane making it a perfect fit for spherical geometry in 2d video games, working in a similar way to the naive approach of teleportation on either side to create a torus. It is also just very aesthetically pleasing imho
@mengbomin
Жыл бұрын
I'll add my view to this one, adding that since the distortion is continuous (except at those four points of extreme distortion), it doesn't have artifacts from the edges of the icosahedron that the Dymaxion has. Further, it's the only projection I know of that can be tessellated.
@DialecticRed
Жыл бұрын
@@mengbomin Yeah the tesselation is extremely powerful. It basically has the properties of being the spherical version of the very popular torus projection, where you just "teleport" from one end to the other. With the Quincuncial Projection, you more so get "reflected" across the side you go "off of." It's difficult to explain in writing but becomes apparent if you just follow where things ought to go.
@akeem2983
6 ай бұрын
@@mengbomin There is at least one more projection that's tesselatable - Lee World in Tetrahedron, which is also conformal and is shaped like a triangle, which could also be folded into a tetrahedron - hence map's name. I think that its distortions are even smaller, but at the expence of convenience, because it seems like it's hard to use it to map all of the Earth's landmasses without either major interruptions in them or repeats
@alex.g7317
8 ай бұрын
27:57 the big three: Mercator, Dymaxion, Lambert… cool. Bare minimum of maps I need for everyday life.
@Chitose_
8 күн бұрын
*I'VE BEEN WONDERING ABOUT ALL OF THIS FOR SO LONG TYSM!!!!*
@sephirothjenkins6783
2 жыл бұрын
How do you only have 47 subscribers? I mean, that's obviously rhetorical, but damn that number should be bigger
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@matthewmaas9031
Ай бұрын
If you had asked me to invent a map projection, the one I would have come up with would be the sinusoidal projection. But after seeing better options, by favorite is the lambert azimuthal equal-area projection I like the fact that it can map the full globe to a perfect circle, and that (with appropriate choice of center) it doesn't have to chop up Antarctica. Honorable mention goes to the gnomonic projection just for being interesting.
@sinox5
Жыл бұрын
Keep doing that good videos! I personnally think this channel is one of the best channels in all KZitem, featuring all of the interesting subjects ever. Great job! I love your videos!
@curiosity432
16 күн бұрын
One thing to mention The Azimuthal Equidistant projection is the same as the Gleason map which is from around 1850. And the Web Mercator or Google Web Mercator or WGS84 the projection used to display Google Earth as a sphere is from 1960 with changes until 2005. So what Google and NASA did was project the Gleason map into a ball, and it said by internal workers. Both system are very similar but Nasa workers (a few of them) falsify the system just copying the Gleason map 100 years older into a sphere projection, because remember in that time Antarctica officially was not a thing.
@adityakhulbe9724
Ай бұрын
this is such an under rated video istg
@ocamlmail
2 жыл бұрын
Probably the best video on this topic I've seen so far, thank you very much!
@thomasbartscher7764
Жыл бұрын
I love the Azimuthal Equidistant projection, and I think it may be extremely useful when making textures for spheres. You can basically create an arbitrary amount of these projections from different points on the sphere, and then interpolate between them depending on how close you are to the respective center point when determining the color of a point on the sphere. Seriously though, thank you for the great video, and thank you *especially* for making me finally understand Mercator!
@YgorCortes
5 ай бұрын
Great video! My personal favourite projections are the Hammer and the Érdi-Krausz ones. I like how they have relatively proportional sizes and their oval shapes just look so good to me
@saharapengu
3 ай бұрын
Very nice video and I definitely share your sentiment towards the mercator projection.
@trombonedude5312
Жыл бұрын
My favorite projection is the gnomonic projection because it portrays all great circle paths as straight lines. It's a perspective projection but it projects from the center of the earth to an infinite plane tangent to the earth. As such, it can't show the whole earth, only up to half, but it is incredibly useful for optimizing long distance navigation routes
@ferudunatakan
Жыл бұрын
Equirectangular makes most sense to me.
@LuftpolsterManu
Жыл бұрын
I didnt know maps could be so much fun. :D
@wizengy
2 жыл бұрын
Great video! There should also be a globe in every elementary and middle school classroom. How do you get from Beijing to New York City by the shortest path. Put a sting on the globe at though two points an pull it tight. Wow, it almost goes to the north pole. What is the state closest to Africa? Wow, the string shows that it is Maine.
@kennyearthling7965
6 ай бұрын
amazing, second vid I saw, so great. subbed
@unrealzocker
2 жыл бұрын
Just stumbled upon this now. Thank you for the video!
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
no, thank _you_
@mari-with-a-gun
Жыл бұрын
I think you should double check the first projection direction. It preserves NESW directions but not anything in between (I think)
@petterlarsson7257
Жыл бұрын
I NEeD more OF THIS
@caty863
Жыл бұрын
In this digital age where our devices have gotten so powerful to effortlessly display virtual globes, there is no need to use map projections anymore.
@natsuzkan
Жыл бұрын
Probably the best option overall would be a bunch of perspective views of overlapping areas, so not really a "map" of the planet in the sense of mapping the globe to a single flat surface. More like imagining a bunch of Google Earth screenshots pasted next to each other. The edges of each individual image are distorted, but adjacent perspective views will show those same areas more accurately.
@tlmoller
Жыл бұрын
Really nice video! Like it a lot. I do miss the map type that is created by cutting slices up from the sphere along the medians. Like 10 slices of 36 deg. Looks somewhat strange when you add it to a flat surface and distances are hopeles.
@baksoBoy
Жыл бұрын
How the hell does this video only have 6K views?? This video is really high quality and super interesting! I was honestly shocked when I looked at the view count
@Dalroc
Жыл бұрын
We all know why. It's a great video. It's not the video that's the issue.
@alan2here
2 жыл бұрын
Dymaxion is nice :) It'd look even better if the background colour were blue like the oceans, and then it could be rectangular in shape. Also when choosing how to unfold the icosahedron making it more square in shape would be nice.
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Yeah I think if you want to eliminate bias (North being up, the prime meridian going through London), then Dymaxion is your best bet. But it is unconventional, making it hard to implement. Unfortunately, an icosahedron has edges everywhere, so the only way to get a more square look would be cutting apart some land.
@wickederebus
4 ай бұрын
24:10 Funnily enough, the Flat Earther at my Yugioh local tournament store thinks the Flat Earth is just the Mercator projection, but that there is secretly some extra landmass West of America, and that you cannot get to Japan/Asia by going West from California. I don't like trying to talk to him.
@benhur2806
Жыл бұрын
So, I did some poking and prodding on the Lambert Equal-Area Projection, and spent quite a bit of time working out the "optimal" aspect ratio, which minimises the square of the logarithm of the ratio between the change in y vs the change in latitude and the change in x vs the change in longitude... The constant k for this turned out to be 1/(pi*e^(1-ln(2*pi)), or about 0.735759... Just figured I'd share.
@benhur2806
Жыл бұрын
Addendum since I was a bit tired from all the maths and didn't see it while writing, so here you go, k actually turns out to simplify extremely nicely to simply 2/e, with the aspect ratio of the map coming out to 2pi/e, which in my opinion is kind of pretty. xP
@pyrokitfx5834
Жыл бұрын
Aren't meridian lines actually parallel and "parallel" lines not, because on a sphere two straight lines that start parallel will cross, and those "parallel" lines are actually curved because you know they're on a sphere
@Kuvina
Жыл бұрын
Correct! A technically straight line on a sphere is known as a great circle, and the meridians are great circles, but not the parallels.
@feelshowdy
Ай бұрын
Now I'm curious if there are variations on the Azimuthal Equidistant that center at different points, and whether those offer any utility.
@171151
5 ай бұрын
Good video man I learned a lot
@cupostuff9929
2 жыл бұрын
I feel like Navigation should've been a category due to how major maps are in that field
@Qsalis
2 жыл бұрын
you put a lot of work into editing this. the conclusion was interesting to be sure your audio sounds a bit uncertain but you'll definitely improve over time in that matter, so no sweat. what software do you use?
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! I use a lot of different software for different parts of the production. blender for 3d images gimp for drawing libreoffice for adding text and stuff audacity for audio shotcut for video editing And they're all free!
@atzuras
Жыл бұрын
Fantastic video. I saw a lot of confussion time ago with TV screen ratios when projecting cinematic ratios.. same issue. shape distortion or cutting things out or adding black stripes in. Many people could not realize that you cannot fit a 3:1 ratio in a 4:3 or 16"9 screen without loosing something in the way.
@amatiasq
2 жыл бұрын
I liked it but it was too slow for me, I watched it at 1.5x and was totally understandable
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the feedback! I will keep this in mind.
@vaclavtrpisovsky
2 жыл бұрын
@@Kuvina The speed is fine for me but sadly, a lot of enthusiasm you obviously have for the subject gets lost in the toned-down narration and vocal hoarseness. I would suggest giving presentations in front of audiences to exercise your voice and expression. You may start with an imaginary one, and then give talks to your nerdy friends. You seem to have lots to talk about and will definitely capture the interest of any savvy crowd. People will love your ability to convey knowledge, and you will gain confidence in your voice, develop intonation and feel happier by seeing acceptance of yourself and your interests. It may take a while before you get comfortable, especially if you are still shaping your gender expression. But don't let that stop you - once you feel like taking the stage, you will take it by storm.
@SwordQuake2
Жыл бұрын
1:35 it's not fine calling it a sphere. It's not hollow... It's a ball!
@dyld921
2 жыл бұрын
For the orthgraphic projection, why not show it as 2 circles, for 2 halves of the Earth? Then you get the entire Earth
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Good idea! That is done occasionally, and it does show the whole earth, but it makes it a discontinuous surface, and it has many of the same issues as before, like area , direction, and shape distortion. So I probably wouldn't rank it very high, but just like every projection, it has its advantages and disadvantages.
@groszak1
2 жыл бұрын
It's also possible to do a two-circled azimuthal equidistant, or two-circled stereographic (projecting from the back of the sphere)
@weguloler322
2 жыл бұрын
Very interesting video! Nice job
@jademonass2954
4 ай бұрын
why cant we take the mercator projection (the best looking one, that doesnt distort the actual shapes) and manually edit it in photoshop so the sizes are relatively correct? i know nobody would use it for navegation and whatever else, but for most people the visual is all we need
@ericplays2021
10 ай бұрын
What happens if you cut the sphere into 2 hemispheres, flatten the hemispheres, and put the flattened hemispheres next to each other? I think it has low distortion
@elliebakonoe4252
2 жыл бұрын
Great video! ❤️
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
thank you so much!!
@LeoStaley
10 ай бұрын
I'm disappointed you didn't include continuity in your categories. Breaks and gaps in a map are problematic for many use cases for maps..
@krzysztofq7420
2 жыл бұрын
So when sailors used Mercator, they drew a straight line on a map and sailed in costant direction, byt in reality they weren't travelling the shortest path, but their trace was a curve? And it was great for sailors because they didn't want to travel the shortest distance, but they wanted to sail in constant bearing easily controlled by looking at the compass?
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Exactly! It may not have been the shortest distance, but it was pretty close, and it was the only way they had to make sure they know exactly where they land.
@xXJ4FARGAMERXx
2 жыл бұрын
Great video! The only nitpicks I have are: 1-have you considered... maybe using.... _Dark mode?_ looking at constant white isn't so good for the eyes 😅 2-I felt like the explanations relied a lot on knowledge of trigonometry (sin(x), cos(x) etc..), could you have explained what sin(x) and cos(x) actually mean? I know, The problem isn't actually you, I should actually learn more about trigonometry instead of just "it kind of has something to do with angles? Theta? Circles?" But regardless, even just a quick 40 sec detour to explain what sec(x) and cos(x) basically mean would've helped a lot! That's all, Great Video!
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the constructive feedback! I will definitely consider these things for the future.
@falpsdsqglthnsac
2 жыл бұрын
imagine a right triangle with an angle called theta. sine (sin) is the ratio of the leg opposite theta to the hypotenuse. cosine (cos) is the ratio of the leg adjacent to theta to the hypotenuse. tangent (tan) is the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent. you remember this with the acronym "sohcahtoa". it's more helpful than it looks. their reciprocals are cosecant (csc), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot) respectively.
@spacesandwich5593
Жыл бұрын
Is that jingle at the beggining from that video where they turn the map of Europe into a midi? (It sounds just like the left half of iceland pitched down)
@Kuvina
Жыл бұрын
Well many years ago I had made a little song where my favorite part was like C C# E E D# C. But then I was inspired by Europe in midi art to change the last note to a D!
@inversebrah
2 жыл бұрын
this is amazing, learned a lot, thank you
@sakesaurus
Жыл бұрын
i wanted to see the leaderboard for scores
@elistidham8494
7 ай бұрын
nice video!!
@Neptoid
2 жыл бұрын
What is up with the authagraph projection?
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
I didn't include it in the video, but it's an equal area map that's rectangular in shape. Unfortunately, There is a lot of direction and shape distortion, and this distortion is inconsistent across the map, so for those reasons, I think there are better options if you want an equal area map
@aidenaune7008
Жыл бұрын
why do we even use latitude lines if they are so messed up? surely using longitudinal lined rotated 90 degrees up would work better. on top of this, one could then create a third set with a 90 degree longitudinal offset, creating a cubic expression of point lines, with an intersection point every 90 degrees. the map would be a bit of a mess near the center points, but only if you use a large number of lines. if one then takes this and slices along the lines directly between adjacent center points, they would get triple right triangles, which could be flattened to equilateral triangles with only minor distortion (90 to 60 at the most extreme, meaning only a shrinkage to 2/3rds, and only at the points, with rapid dropoff). these would be fairly easy to line up on a per use basis, and an easy to use generalist map could be made simply by forming two halves.
@Kuvina
Жыл бұрын
Latitude and longitude make the most sense when you factor in the rotation and orbit of earth. Latitude corresponds to climate because the equator receives sunlight most directly overhead. And longitude corresponds to the time of day, hence why we have time zones.
@aidenaune7008
Жыл бұрын
@@Kuvina but latitude can be expressed as a product of the two new line projections, and we would still have longitude.
@nikolaslehto8827
Жыл бұрын
Did you know that "kuvina" means "as images" in finnish?
@SuperMarioOddity
Жыл бұрын
Watch in 1.25x for best experience
@Kuvina
Жыл бұрын
I agree. Looking back at my older videos, I can't believe how slowly I talk!
@SuperMarioOddity
Жыл бұрын
@@Kuvina It feels like it's slowed down, rather than initially slow narration. It has the type of slurring that you get when you slow down footage
@JR13751
2 жыл бұрын
Tetrahedron could be considered to unfold nicely. Any projection that maps whole globe to a tetrahedron can continuously tile a plane.
@andryxmartinez9602
Жыл бұрын
Great video!!
@deathracoffee
2 жыл бұрын
Awesome video
@maddoxmonteza
Жыл бұрын
that's why the globe is best
@shadow.artist
20 күн бұрын
1:55 how does no one sees longitudes and latitudes are swapped
@helloiamenergyman
4 ай бұрын
OMG THEY MENTIONED THE WATERMAN BUTTERFLY XHN GYJHBNFHNBVGJCFYBVTUJCUT
@helloiamenergyman
4 ай бұрын
HOW DARE YOU GIVE IT A 2 IN AESTHETICS ITS THE BEST FVUCKINGF PROJECTION EVER IN TH|AT CATEGROY
@vincentcleaver1925
11 ай бұрын
Simple rectangle and we hates it!!!
@Miabeloved
2 жыл бұрын
Nice
@hazza2247
2 жыл бұрын
such a good video
@mug-o-tea9517
Жыл бұрын
good video
@elen1ap
Ай бұрын
2:04 As a Greek, it annoys me that you pronounce φ 'phi'. In Greek, we read words as they are writen(exept combinations of letters). It might be written 'phi' in the Latin alphabet, but it's pronounced 'phee'.
@TheGamingG810
Жыл бұрын
imo mollweide is best
@TheGamingG810
Жыл бұрын
31:00 this looks 3d
@chengong388
2 жыл бұрын
The perfect projection is an iPad with maps, perspective projection where every angle is accessible.
@bumbleandsimba
Жыл бұрын
889th like
@Maukustus
Жыл бұрын
why dymaxion look like a bird lol
@cmyk8964
Жыл бұрын
You could benefit a lot from voice lessons.
@Mag3.1415
Жыл бұрын
YOUR MIC WAS SO BAD
@Nathouuuutheone
2 жыл бұрын
The way you say things. You sound bored, maybe even annoyed. I couldn't keep listening.
@MarcoA15
2 жыл бұрын
After 3 words I fall sleep
@swagatochatterjee7104
2 жыл бұрын
The Kavrayskiy is way way simple to compute without scarificing loads of quality. That's huge!!
@andrewchapman2039
Жыл бұрын
Actually needed a map for a project that didn't distort distances or shapes, and came back to this video for a recommendation! I'll have to add arrows so I don't forget which bits connect where, but Dynmaxion's the map for me!
@AOOA926
4 ай бұрын
Did you know that there are flat earthers all around the globe
@error422wins
14 сағат бұрын
I really want something that allows maps to be put as mathematical functions
@gdlorenzodm5664
Күн бұрын
How is Mercator's accessibility a 2 when Google Maps uses it?
@gabrielbarrantes6946
Жыл бұрын
You actually don't need the fundamental theorem of calculus to resolve differential equations... Sometimes just guessing is enough... But even that antiderivates were known for quite a while before the "oficial" invention of calculus... To be completely fair, the only thing that was missing at that moment in history was noticing that the Area could be get from an antiderivate... Derivates and integrals were known for a while probably since ancient Greek...
@guessundheit6494
Жыл бұрын
17:10 - Only true if you're trying to place the entire world on a map. It's better to use multiple maps around smaller areas based on great circles, never more than 4000km from the circle or a 4000km radius. Plane and shipping routes could be based on such maps. 28:37 - I live in an Asian country. Maps here put the Intl Date Line slightly off centre, which puts the edges in the Atlantic Ocean. These maps do a great job of showing proximity and connection between countries. Most already know all the European/North American trade routes, so there's no need to show them.
@marvinochieng6295
6 ай бұрын
deserve more subs
@cupostuff9929
2 жыл бұрын
I love that your #Some2 vid got reccomended to me I love your channel
@Zero_Contradictions
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making this! In my opinion, this video is one of the best submissions I've seen for the 3b1b SoME1. Have you heard of the Danseiji N Map Projections by Justin Kunimune? They are among some of the most balanced map projections I've ever seen.
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
thank you so much! I had never heard of those, but they're definitely very unique and interesting.
@rv6amark
Жыл бұрын
Outstanding documentation of map projections, with a bit of history thrown in. This is the best explanation of a very complex subject that I have ever seen. Thank you for making it.
@dcterr1
6 ай бұрын
Excellent comprehensive discussion of various types of map projections and their advantages and disadvantages! Besides being a mathematician, I've always loved geography as well as cartography. I already knew most of the mathematical formulas for these map projections, but I never thought too much about the overall advantages and disadvantages of each one, and I think you nailed this part! And I also agree for the most part with the scores you gave each one. Great job!
@George83_Thomas
8 ай бұрын
More mapping more winning
@8GigueBits
10 ай бұрын
I remember I had a toy map which was a "can" projection instead of a cylindrical projection: there was a central stripe in cylindrical projection, but the poles were projected separately onto circles that you could rotate across the top and bottom edges of the map. I wonder how all these maps would look if you could rotate the earth before projecting. For one, if you rotate the earth longitudinally by 180 degrees you automatically avoid eurocentrism. But a projection of a latitudinally rolling earth would also be fun to watch.
@wickederebus
4 ай бұрын
do you have a video about the statistics of drawing particular cards from a deck of a specific size? example: Yugiho has a starting hand of 5 card, with Maximum 3 copies of a card per deck, and a deck size of 40 to 60 cards. Magic: The Gathering has a starting hand of 7 (with a rule about shuffling back and drawing fewer cards), Maximum 4 copies per deck, and a deck minimum of 60 with no hard limit on deck size.
@Trylo-bot
2 жыл бұрын
Hey this is great!
@Kuvina
2 жыл бұрын
thank you :)
@xrete
2 жыл бұрын
lol subbing
@MC-br1gk
8 ай бұрын
Just found you. What an awesome job for your 2nd. Looking forward to watching others.
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