Hashing is a technique used to efficiently map data to a specific location, typically in a hash table, using a hash function. It transforms input (or keys) into fixed-size values (hashes), making search, insert, and delete operations faster. Collisions occur when two keys map to the same index, which is resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing. Hashing is widely used in applications like databases, caches, and password storage. It ensures optimal performance with an average time complexity of O(1) for basic operations.
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