Philippine wars - • Philippines
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MORO REBELLION
The Moro Rebellion was an armed conflict consisting of sporadic fighting in Mindanao and Sulu from 1902 to 1913 between the Moro people and the United States military near the end of the Philippine-American War. The word "Moros" was the Spanish term to refer to the Muslim inhabitants of Mindanao and Sulu, a term that they originally ascribed to North African Muslims who had invaded and occupied the Iberian Peninsula from the 8th to 15th centuries.
Timeline:
MORO REBELLION: Timeline
1565 to 1898 - Period of Spanish colonization of the Philippines; Spanish rule does not extend to much of the southern third of the archipelago, which comprises the island of Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago, and are mostly inhabited by Muslims whom the Spanish called “Moros”
17th to early 18th centuries - A constant state of war occurs between the Spanish and Moros
1870s - Spain establish coastal garrisons in Mindanao
December 1898 - Spain cedes the Philippines to the United States
August 1899 - The United States and Sulu Sultan sign the Bates Agreement, a non-aggression pact
1902 - U.S. forces are sent in large numbers to Mindanao, raising tensions with the Moros
May 1902 - Fighting breaks out after American soldiers are killed by bands of Moros; as a consequence, U.S. forces attack and capture two Moro cotas (Battle of Bayan)
July 1902 - The U.S. Command in Mindanao makes plans to take full control of the Lanao region, preferably through negotiations, but using military force, if needed.
April - May 1903 - In the “March across Lake Lanao”, U.S. forces overrun several Moro cotas and bring Lanao under U.S. military control
July 1903 - General Leonard Wood is appointed Governor of newly formed Moro Province; Wood’s implements aggressive policies that provoke the Moros and his term as governor is the bloodiest and most intense phase of the war
1903 - Datu Hassan leads an uprising in Jolo to oppose the ban on slavery
October 1903 - U.S. forces overrun Hassan’s mountain fortress, eventually killing him in another battle in March 1904
April 1904 - U.S. forces attack and destroy 130 Moro cotas in Taraca in Lanao, after a sultan refuses to join a peace conference called by General Wood
1904 - 1906 - In Cotabato, Datu Ali leads an uprising to oppose the ban on slavery; scores of skirmishes occur before U.S. forces capture Datu Ali’s stronghold in Serenaya
October 1906 - Datu Ali is killed in an encounter in Simpetan, which ends major resistance to American rule in Cotabato
March 1904 - The U.S. government revokes the Bates Agreement and U.S. forces occupy Jolo, placing it under military control
March 1906 - Battle of Bud Dajo, where U.S. forces storm the Moro cotas in Bud Dajo, killing up to 1,000 Moros; the operation generates a firestorm of controversy that reaches the top levels of the U.S. government, with critics condemning it as “wanton slaughter”, since casualties include many women and children
February 1906 - General Tasker Bliss succeeds as Governor of Moro Province, Moros call Bliss’ tenure as the “peace era” because of the absence of large-scale fighting
November 1909 - General John Pershing succeeds as Governor of Moro Province and oversees greatly improved relations between the U.S. Army and the Moro people; however, some opposition to the U.S. Army’s presence continues
1911 - Security concerns continue to be a major problem in Moro Province; bandits and outlaws roam the countryside and attacks by “juramentados’ and “amoks” are an ever-present danger to American and Christian Filipino soldiers
September 1911 - Pershing enacts a ban on possessing weapons, both firearms and blades, which Moros fiercely resist
December 1911 - Second Battle of Bud Dajo
June 1913 - Battle of Bud Bagsak
October 1913 - Battle of Mount Talipao
December 1913 - U.S. authorities deem Moro Province to be thoroughly pacified; military rule ends and the province transitions to a civilian government
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