An electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy
into kinetic energy (i.e. motion).
Most motors described in this guide spin on an axis, but there
are also specialty motors that move linearly. All motors are
either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), but a
few can operate on both (See Figure 2-1). The following lists
the most common motors in use today. Each motor type has
unique characteristics that make it suitable to particular
applications.
Alternating Current (AC) Motors
AC motors include 3-phase and single phase types.
3-phase AC induction motors are the most widely used
motors in industrial and commercial applications. They are
divided into two sub-categories:
• Squirrel cage motors
• Wound rotor motors
3-phase Synchronous motors are most commonly used in
very large industrial applications or where exact speed is
required.
Single phase induction motors are used where three phase
power is not available; typically in residential, commercial and
agricultural applications. They are also used in applications
with power requirements below 1 horsepower (HP). The main
sub-categories include:
• Split phase
• Capacitor run
• Capacitor start
• Capacitor start - capacitor run
• Shaded pole
• Universal motors
Universal motors are mostly operated on AC power, but they
can operate on either AC or DC. Tools and appliances are
among the most frequent applications.
2 Motor Classification
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DC motors are often used in applications where precise speed
control is required. They are divided into three sub-categories:
• Series
• Shunt
• Compound
Advanced motors have been developed in recent years, a
number of which do not neatly fall within traditional motor
classifications. They are typically used in OEM applications.
Examples include:
• Electronically commutated motors
• Switched reluctance
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