For almost three years, Myanmar (previously known as Burma) has been engaged in a brutal conflict between the pro-democracy resistance and the country’s military regime. However, behind this is another long-running civil war between the central government and many of the country’s ethnic minority communities - a conflict that has been running since the country was first created almost eighty years ago. But as a new offensive against the military seems to be gaining ground, there are questions about whether Myanmar might not only return to democracy but whether it could also be on the verge of resolving its deeper civil war.
Burma gained independence from British colonial rule in 1948. However, from the start, it was plunged into political instability. As well as the assassination of its prime minister, Aung San, the first major ethnic insurgency arose when the ethnic Karen rebelled. In the years that followed, other groups also rose up against the state - especially after the military took control in 1962, imposing a brutal communist regime. By the 1970s, this included the Shan, Mon, Karenni, Chinese, Kachin, Wa, Rohingya, and Rakhine. While the country’s dictator, Ne Win, was eventually overthrown in 1988, he was replaced by a new military regime, the State Law and Order Restoration Council, SLORC. However, in 2010, the country appeared to be moving towards democracy under the leadership of Aung San Suu Kyo. That was until 2021 when the armed forces (known as the Tatmadaw) stepped in again. Since then, the country has been plunged back into war. But with a key group of ethnic rebel forces joining the fight, a new offensive, Operation 1027, has given hope that the conflict against the military will soon be over. But will Myanmar finally see an end to its civil war between the state and various ethnic insurgencies as well?
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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:40 Complex Civil Wars: The Case of Myanmar
01:37 Myanmar: Location and Population
02:49 The Emergence of Burma
03:48 Burma under the Ne Win Dictatorship
05:35 The State Law and Order Restoration Council, SLORC
07:33 Myanmar: From Military Rule to Democracy - and Back Again
10:19 The Start of the Pro-Democracy Conflict, 2021
11:31 The Brotherhood Alliance and Operation 1027
12:33 Is the Burmese Civil War Ending?
SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Burma Constitution | 1948
www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/E...
Operation 1027 reshapes Myanmar’s post-coup war | IISS
myanmar.iiss.org/updates/2023-11
Ethnic Groups
www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia...
Chronology of the Insurgency
www.refworld.org/docid/3dedfd...
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#Myanmar #Burma #CivilWar
Негізгі бет MYANMAR | A Rebel Victory?
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