For informational and educational purposes only.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal neurological disorder that can occur as a serious adverse reaction to the use of neuroleptic or antipsychotic medications. NMS is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, including muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability, and typically develops within days to weeks after the initiation or dose increase of a neuroleptic medication.
One of the most prominent features of NMS is muscle rigidity, which can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by muscle tremors, stiffness, and a "lead pipe" sensation. In addition to muscle rigidity, patients with NMS may experience fever, ranging from mild to extremely high, and altered mental status, including confusion, agitation, and even coma in severe cases. Autonomic instability is another hallmark feature of NMS and can manifest as fluctuations in blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature.
Treatment for NMS generally involves the immediate cessation of the offending neuroleptic medication, along with supportive care to manage the patient's symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization in an intensive care unit may be necessary to monitor vital signs and provide additional supportive care. While mortality rates for NMS are generally low, the condition can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in cases where diagnosis and treatment are delayed.
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