The new 2.0-liter VC-Turbo, which recently launched as a world's first technology in the all-new INFINITI QX50 crossover, replaces the previous-generation Altima's 3.5-liter V6, offering similar performance figures while providing 4-cylinder fuel economy. It will be available on the Altima SR and Platinum front-wheel drive grades.
World's first production Variable Compression Turbo engine
Designated as the VC-Turbo, the technology behind the new Altima powerplant was more than 20 years in development and represents a breakthrough in combustion engine design by continually adjusting its compression ratio to optimize power and fuel efficiency. It is projected to offer a double-digit percentage increase in fuel economy.
Assembled in Japan, the VC-Turbo changes its compression ratio seamlessly through an advanced multi-link system, continuously raising or lowering the pistons' reach to transform compression ratio - offering both power and efficiency on demand. A high compression ratio gives greater efficiency, but in certain applications poses the risk of premature combustion (knocking). A low compression ratio allows for greater power and torque and avoids knocking.
In operation, the VC-Turbo engine offers any compression ratio between 8:1 (for high performance) and 14:1 (for high efficiency). The engine delivers 248 horsepower @ 5,600 rpm and 273 lb-ft of torque @ 4,000 rpm (premium fuel). The VC-Turbo's specific power output is higher than many competing turbocharged gasoline engines and comes close to the performance of some V6 gasoline engines. The unit's single-scroll turbo ensures immediate accelerator responses on demand.
Along with the world's first multi-link system, the engine features an electric motor with a unique Harmonic Drive reduction gear to manage the variable compression ratio. The electric motor is connected to the Harmonic Drive with a control arm. As the Harmonic Drive rotates, the control shaft at the base of the engine rotates, moving the multi-link system within the engine.
As the angle of the multi-link arms changes, it adjusts the top-dead-center position of the pistons - and the compression ratio with them. An eccentric control shaft changes the compression ratio of all the cylinders at the same time. As a result, the engine capacity varies between 1,997 cc (for a low 8:1 ratio) and 1,970 cc (high 14:1 ratio). The transformative multi-link components are manufactured in high-carbon steel alloy.
The engine also utilizes two combustion cycles, with the electronic variable valve timing allowing the engine to switch between Atkinson and regular combustion cycles. This allows for greater efficiency and optimal performance as the compression ratio transforms.
Compared with the previous-generation Altima's 3.5-liter V6 engine, the 2.0-liter VC-Turbo requires less space in the engine bay. The integrated exhaust manifold in the cylinder head contributes to the compact engine packaging, improves turbo response and enables the catalytic converter to heat up quickly for lower emissions. The engine also contributes to lower NVH levels.
The VC-Turbo engine uses both multi-point injection and gasoline direct injection to balance efficiency and power in all conditions. Gasoline direct injection improves combustion efficiency and performance, and enables the engine to avoid knocking at higher compression ratios.
The multi-point injection system mixes fuel and air earlier, enabling complete combustion in the chamber for greater efficiency at low engine loads. The engine switches between both at regular engine speeds, with both sets of injectors able to work in conjunction under higher loads.
In addition, low-friction mirror bore coating contributes to a 44% reduction in cylinder friction, allowing the engine to rotate more smoothly. The coating is applied to the cylinder walls by a plasma jet, then hardened and honed to create ultra-smooth cylinder walls. And finally, a two-stage variable displacement oil pump raises the oil pressure as engine speeds rise and the compression ratio lowers.
Altimas equipped with the VC-Turbo (SR 2.0L and Platinum 2.0L grades) include a meter in the instrument panel's 7-inch Advanced Drive Assist Display so the driver can see, as well as feel, the control state of this unique technology while driving.
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