Obstacle Avoiding Robot is an intelligent device which can automatically sense the obstacle in front of it and avoid them by turning itself in another direction. This design allows the robot to navigate in unknown environment by avoiding collisions, which is a primary requirement for any autonomous mobile robot.
HARDWARE REQUIRED
• Arduino Uno
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• LM298N Motor Driver Module
• 5V DC Motors
• Battery
• Wheels
• Chassis
• Jumper Wires
WORKING
Before going to working of the project, it is important to understand how the ultrasonic sensor works. The basic principle behind the working of ultrasonic sensor is as follows:
Using an external trigger signal, the Trig pin on ultrasonic sensor is made logic high for at least 10µs. A sonic burst from the transmitter module is sent. This consists of 8 pulses of 40KHz.
The signals return back after hitting a surface and the receiver detects this signal. The Echo pin is high from the time of sending the signal and receiving it. This time can be converted to distance using appropriate calculations
When the robot is powered on, both the motors of the robot will run normally and the robot moves forward.
During this time, the ultrasonic sensor continuously calculate the distance between the robot and the reflective surface. This information is processed by the Arduino. If the distance between the robot and the obstacle is less than 15cm, the Robot stops and scans in left and right directions for new distance using Servo Motor and Ultrasonic Sensor.
If the distance towards the left side is more than that of the right side, the robot will prepare for a left turn. But first, it backs up a little bit and then activates the Left Wheel Motor in reversed in direction.
Similarly, if the right distance is more than that of the left distance, the Robot prepares right rotation. This process continues forever and the robot keeps on moving without hitting any obstacle
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