This mans videos are the most underrated. He’s the most gifted electrical teacher I’ve seen on the internet.
@matthanaford4614
2 жыл бұрын
I was lucky enough to have him as an actual teacher. He’s the only reason me and at least 20 of my peers passed any of our DC theory or transformers.
@pboston6RR
Жыл бұрын
I agree! That was a thorough and accurate investigation into a little understood phenomena that we all share with our household wiring.
@buddyguy4723
Жыл бұрын
I saw the thumbnail and knew that this would be informative.
@jonbaxter5074
Жыл бұрын
Absolutely, this man is a great teacher
@raymondgarafano8604
Жыл бұрын
He is GOOD, anyone can work a screwdriver but knowing theory is such a big + and very important for anyone who wants to or neds to work with volts n amps. I give him 2 thumbs up.
@experiment86
Жыл бұрын
The example DC circuit with the neutral blew my mind. Simplified everything and made it make sense. Brilliant!
@jovetj
Жыл бұрын
Yup! 6V on one side, 6V on the other (because batteries in series are voltage-additive). Either set of batteries is 6V; together they're 12V. This is exactly how a center-tapped secondary on a transformer works. You could easily swap in a 12V center-tapped transformer here as well, since they're very common.
@vince6829
Жыл бұрын
Wow!! Awesome explanation. Decades ago, my parent’s house had an open neutral. Lights were dimming; others were burning bright. Voltages were all over the place. Now I know why. Thank you!!
@westelaudio943
Жыл бұрын
Ohm's law.
@GoodOlKuro
Жыл бұрын
@@westelaudio943 And Kirchhoff's laws.
@benjurqunov
Жыл бұрын
My wifes house had resistive intermittently neutral. The flakey contractor she hired to fix it scared the shit out of her with a doom & gloom story saying the entire house needed rewiring. She went for a second opinion (me).. 30 min. later, I refit neutral in her loadcenter. She was so happy, six months later she married me.
@audicreate
Жыл бұрын
Ahh check for loose neutrals in the panel first!
@audicreate
Жыл бұрын
Get married second!
@pamdemonia
Жыл бұрын
As a journeyman electrician with 17 years experience, I am very impressed with how completely clear and understandable this explanation was! Subscribed and am gonna forward a link to my friend who teaches apprentices. Thanks so much for this video and thanks to the mysterious youtube algorithm for sending me here. Now off to watch more!
@sillybilly686
Жыл бұрын
But when are you getting these open neutrals?
@ericb.3580
Жыл бұрын
@@sillybilly686 because of age connections can get loose and also corrosion which can cause bad neutral failing
@stoutche6129
Жыл бұрын
@Chomp Chomp Katze That's no "live - neutral - earth" but "live - neutral - dephased live" circuit. It will run the same way as with batteries, just more dangerous.
@lloydchristmas-db2mn
Жыл бұрын
As a 24 second KZitem master apprentice I like it when he talks about loads.
@Firehawk841
Жыл бұрын
id like to see him go into a facility and find the lost N
@allenblum6257
5 ай бұрын
I'm nearly 70 years old and have seen this twice. Once at work, and once in my own home. At work, we had partitions between cubicles that had wiring embedded. A plug on one end of the partition mated with a socket on the adjoining partition. The neutral opened on one connection and caused a number of computers and printers to be fried because they suddenly had 220 volts instead of 110. At home, when the electrician installed my new panel, he didn't get the ground and neutral bars securely bonded. A couple of years later, the bond worked loose and blew out a few items. A couple of surge protectors gave their lives but protected their loads. I saw several of the situations Dave describes. At the time, it was pretty confusing. Excellent video!.
@michaelcorvin4330
3 ай бұрын
This has to be the best explanation of how a circuit works that I've ever seen. I unintentionally learned this lesson the hard way over 20 years ago when my band was playing at a bar. Halfway through our first set, a couple of our guitar amps and one of the PA amps literally caught fire and the whole shebang shut down. An electrician informed us the next day that it was due to a loose neutral wire in one of the bar's stage power circuits that someone had monkeyed with earlier. In fact, he was cool enough to draw a diagram similar to yours to show how circuits work, thus giving me a crash course in basic wiring. From that moment on, we invested in a $5 circuit tester before we plugged anything in and that saved us a ton of grief from potential electrical gremlins.
@Spliteyemoto
3 ай бұрын
That's a neat trick bringing your own circuit tester for gigs. I'm sure especially with older venues it might be a common problem
@michaelcorvin4330
3 ай бұрын
@@Spliteyemoto Definitely. Especially with dive bars and frat houses!
@Tmrfe0962
2 ай бұрын
I am an instructor in my union, I Sir am not at your caliber of teaching, both me and my students benefit from me watching and learning not only techniques but simpler ways of instruction. Thank you for all your videos. I most certainly have subscribed.
@explod329
Жыл бұрын
This guy is a electrical genius! The way he teaches makes it so easy to understand vs reading out of a book! I have watched every video of this man I could find and he has made me say "wow" so many times. This guy deserves a trillion subscribers! He's my go to for learning! Thank you Mr. Gordon!
@error200http
Жыл бұрын
It's rather that open neutral is a dumb concept. Haven't seen it in Europe.
@Profiteam
Жыл бұрын
@@error200http Als Fehler nach Isolationsmessungen ist das ein mögliches Szenario. Selbst erlebt!
@jovetj
Жыл бұрын
@@error200http It's a "dumb concept" to you because your homes are only wired on one side of the transformer. An "open neutral" to you is a completely-open circuit.
@jdm2651
Жыл бұрын
@@error200http You missed the most important thing which he said in the introduction: let's mimic a single phase, 3 wires circuit (240V phase to phase). This is how electricity is normally brought to domestic and small commercial users in the US, and I suspect, other 120V countries. It is very practical to split all the loads in two halves, and the electrical cabinets are in fact designed to make this easy and evident. Then, an abnormal open neutral condition is examined and explained. No comparison to Europe, or name calling applies here.
@michaelbradley7529
Жыл бұрын
This is pretty standard in second and third year apprentice schooling, out of the total 5 years of school required to become a journeyman electrician (at least on the union side of things).
@chasincreationz9364
Жыл бұрын
As a first year apprentice and just started the chapter on 3-wire branch circuits / open neutral, this was TREMENDOUSLY explained. I read the chapter three times and was left more confused than anything. After stumbling upon this video, I now feel I have a much better grasp on what an open neutral is. Thank you kind sir!
@civildiscourse2000
2 ай бұрын
If you're getting notifications on this thread a year down the line, may I ask what the book or other publication was that let you down? No shade on Dave's outstanding video, but open neutral shouldn't be terribly hard to explain.
@SoProJared
2 жыл бұрын
The best explanation of an open neutral I’ve ever seen. Very good video.
@paulbfields8284
Жыл бұрын
As I slap myself in the forehead…”yes!!!” Outstanding demonstration.. as a picture paints a thousand words… a physical demonstration literally lights up the room with illumination.. thank you
@Justin031296
Жыл бұрын
Im an apprentice, and this was the clearest explanation of an open neutral I've received.
@scout7198
2 жыл бұрын
Excellent lesson!! Thank you for helping me understand an electrical problem I am facing now in my house. I appreciate the time and energy you spent helping the rest of us out here. God bless you.
@PawlSpring
2 ай бұрын
I stumbled on this video from a link with someone who was dealing with a dropped neutral that fried some appliances. Using the lights on a DC circuit is really, really helpful. 🔌💡
@___Bruh__
2 ай бұрын
You make learning fun. That's a rare trait to have and I appreciate all the effort you give.
@EMunch-pv7lq
2 жыл бұрын
Both the diagram and the display are over the top!... backed by an clear and concise explainer!... Amazing video Dave, keep'em coming!
@Turkrypty
Жыл бұрын
This is a FANTASTIC demo. Props to you for making this video so educational and visually easy to understand.
@afbanales
4 ай бұрын
This 1 video summarizes and clarifies much more than literally dozens of KZitem videos. Thank you!!
@suddeneevee9441
Жыл бұрын
As someone with interest in electricity: this is an excellent explanation video about electrical loads and series/parallel circuits. But as an European: We just simply have 230V ac. One live, one neutral and one ground. We have simplicity, you have flexibility.
@Cotronixco
Жыл бұрын
You're a great teacher. Clear and concise. As an engineer, I found this all to be 100% accurate. Keep up the good work.
@dancoulson6579
Жыл бұрын
I love the setup you created for this video. The use of clear, color coded wires, simple incandescent lamps, and a clear layout makes it so much easier to understand.
@civildiscourse2000
2 ай бұрын
He even included the bond wire even though, as in real life, it has no connection to the current-carrying conductors. I'm totally copping this layout.
@asdfjklol
7 ай бұрын
This is the best explanation of a neutral on KZitem.
@andre0baskin
Жыл бұрын
A excellent explantation. The more I deal with the simpler 220v systems outside of North America the more I appreciate them.
@chrispapademetrious408
Жыл бұрын
This video is extremely clear and easy to follow. Absolutely brilliant.
@atomicdmt8763
Жыл бұрын
SOLID! Im finally getting it. I hugely appreciate your 'explain it to me like Im a 4th grader' approach - w clear visuals and delivery style. Kudos!
@XBKLYN
3 ай бұрын
I'm an EE and never understood the connection between faulty neutrals and uneven lighting, until now! Great vid.
@jeffgreen7897
Жыл бұрын
When I explain this to my apprentices, this is what I see in my mind. Thank you for all your videos! In my book, you sir make a difference in the lives of people that really take an interest in the electrical trade.
@2011dgk
3 ай бұрын
Dude. Thank you. I remember looking for something like this years ago to help me visualize what was going on. Im only 15 ...20 seconds in and already know this is about to be GOAT. Thanks again
@lgninjalo
Жыл бұрын
I really appreciate this analysis. It's brought me a couple good insights that I've just chalked up to an open neutral and started hunting for the open, ad I've seen it. Particularly the imbalance. I knew it was from the loads shifting into a series configuration, but never bothered to draw it out before. The time and attention to detail that you put into making this is phenomenal and not only do I respect it, but I'm thoroughly impressed. And this is coming from a practicing master electrician and newly minted electrical engineer.
@anotheremerex
Жыл бұрын
Liked and Subscribed. This is the kind of content that changes the internet from a toy to a tool. Great explanation!
@woodwind63
Жыл бұрын
Excellent Production Dave. Your attention to detail in the white board drawings as well as the clean demo circuit construction really makes it easy to learn. I learn as much about teaching as the circuit theory with you. You're an inspiration. Thanks!
@clamboni9
4 ай бұрын
BEAUTIFULLY explained. Makes a fairly complex thing easier for people to understand....shared neutrals can be a nightmare in the field.
@concealed4carry
Жыл бұрын
I just came across this video. I teach second-year apprentices and I cover theory in the first module of the year. I am always looking for new material and resources (outside the book) to explain complex concepts. This is absolutely useful in demonstrating how the neutral truly works. Very good video. I will be watching all of them.
@phantom21629
Жыл бұрын
This is the best open neutral explanation I have seen on the tubes. I learned it this way in electronics class back in the 90s. Had almost the same setup and we were tested on different orientations and had to mathematically predict the voltages at given points. The operating resistance of an appliance being different is what is key in voltage potential difference. Great video!
@dubbssawshop
Жыл бұрын
Probably one of the best demonstrations I've seen about this issue. Simple to understand and learn from.
@cuttingcut1321
Жыл бұрын
The thing you demonstrated is a very important concept in Electrical Engineering, which we never realise. Thank you so much for making this video.
@MrWzeljunior
Жыл бұрын
Are you studying to be an Electrical Engineer? What country are you in?
@cuttingcut1321
Жыл бұрын
@@MrWzeljunior Yes, I'm in my final year of my BTech, EE. I'm from India.
@Loco4Waffles
Жыл бұрын
What an excellent demonstration. Thanks for the refresher.
@jgren4048
Жыл бұрын
I like how you arranged the wiring ladder similar to a breaker panel so that some can easier compare it to what they are going to see in the field. I don’t know if you have done it already, as this is the first video I’ve seen, but you could also show how losing a phase and having 240v loads will also affect the 120v loads on that phase, and the relationship there Good job!!
@AirOnJohnson
10 ай бұрын
If you lost a phase all of the lights on that phase would just go out. And the lights on the other phase would act normal. All the amps on the working phase would also be on the nuetral. Don't think there would be much to sure in that video right?
@user-bn1cz8vx4d
6 ай бұрын
Until your electric water heater turns on and the other half of your house comes on at 40v
@warpspeednow
Жыл бұрын
A very well communicated example and theory of some of Ohms laws. I could watch and listen to these videos all day long.
@dougn7bfs
Жыл бұрын
Wow, funny that this came up in my suggested videos. We had a 'data center' that was being serviced by a UPS 'electrician'. He had inadvertently removed a neutral at the UPS output to the subpanel that fed all our racks for some unknown reason and in the process smoke started pouring out of server power supplies, switches died, surge protection blocks caught fire and the fire protection system kicked in and the end result, the whole data center went offline! Four painful hours later we finally got things rebuilt but what an expensive mistake he made! I knew it had something to do with what you describe here but to get this visually is an excellent method, thank you for your efforts and time :)
@jovetj
Жыл бұрын
Holy shit!! I hope he or his company were held financially responsible. And he was fired.
@pjmcinnis1188
2 жыл бұрын
Mr you are the best electrical teacher that I every seen on KZitem!! I was about to type world!! Lol Your way of explaining is the best and I wish I could give you a 1000 likes. Please keep posting, your are really doing a hell of a job.
@ATorres0821
2 жыл бұрын
Wonderful demonstrations, thank you for your work!
@vintagespeedandperformance6615
3 ай бұрын
25 year master electrician and stumbled upon your channel today. I guess the algorithm is dropping g some new stuff in my recommended list. I have a crew and trying to explain open neutrals to apprentices results in blank stares. Even using diagrams and showing the math on paper leaves them confused. Never thought of using a DC circuit to demonstrate the effects. With your demo, one can instantly see how the loss of neutral can result in varied series and paralleled circuits. If they know the basics of ohms law, its easier for them to understand when one light is bright and others are dim. Now i can point them to this video and save myself some frustration. A teacher I am not…thanks for sharing your knowledge.
@adancontreras8565
3 ай бұрын
he lost me at total resistance is 8 ohms in the parallel portion, when he said they were all equal loads. But still using the 16 ohms per load on the parallel circuit to do his calculations. I feel like its such a simple answer but I can not figure it out
@vintagespeedandperformance6615
3 ай бұрын
@@adancontreras8565 when equal loads are in parallel, the resistance is reduced in half. Think of a water channel that splits into two equally sized channels. The same amount of water is flowing through but the volume in each channel is reduced by 1/2. If there are three equally sized loads in parallel the resistance would be 1/3, four would be 1/4 and so on. Google calculating parallel resistance and you will get the formula. Lot of KZitem videos on the subject too. Equal loads are easy but loads that are not equal have to be calculated.
@ForwardGuidance
Жыл бұрын
Great set of videos by you. Very well explained.
@michaelbradley7529
Жыл бұрын
This reminds me of being back in school during my apprenticeship. That was more than 20 years ago. I remember doing ladder diagrams for fellow classmates that were having trouble understanding and they looked a lot like what you were showing (maybe not as neatly drawn). Some classmates would complain because I wouldn't show them my answers when they didn't get around to doing the homework. Instead, I told them I would help them figure it out, because I felt it would be better if they understood the process rather than copy or just memorize the answer. This was more self-preservation than altruism because I didn't want to be stuck working with idiots in the field. Unlike most, I enjoyed my apprenticeship.
@nickkropat8857
Жыл бұрын
This is absolutely the best explination I have ever heard, thank you so much for putting this together using examples and common sense language
@TheAJKahn
3 ай бұрын
This was so perfectly explained. To the point and the demonstration worked wonders. Thank you so much Dave.
@omersayeed9639
2 жыл бұрын
Excellent videos sir, very helpful to brush up concepts!
@tchristell
Жыл бұрын
I've watch more videos on this subject than I want to admit and finally found one that actually explained, through a brilliant demonstration, what is actually happening. Thank you VERY much!!
@andrewshedron425
5 ай бұрын
Great job breaking this stuff down! So many people out there are in more danger than they think when it comes to the neutral and ground.
@x7j4
3 ай бұрын
Excellent explanation!!! I’m not an electrician, but I know enough to understand your video, and it is indeed superb .
@ratspam7655
Жыл бұрын
I never could understand the how’s and why’s of the neutral until you made this video. THANK YOU!
@snail7849
Жыл бұрын
Is it weird that I've started listening to this guy in the background while I do other things? This stuff is fascinating to me, I don't think I could ever get sick of his lessons.
@TrueLifeDemi
3 ай бұрын
I’m about to watch all your videos before I start my new job to have a better understanding and clarity. Thanks for your hard work and gift your sharing with me and the internet! 🔥🙏🏾💯
@jordanwmcdonald
Жыл бұрын
You are a legend and one of the most talented teachers. Thank you!
@GameOver-nt4eb
10 ай бұрын
Gotta say, you saved my butt when I moved into a new house. Plugging my phone into an outlet in my shop caused the lights to dim, almost to the point of being dark inside, but not popping breakers, and turning on the outside light caused the lights to get brighter. It was a helluva time trying to diagnose the issue until I randomly stumbled upon your videos. Keep up the good work!
@JohnWilliams-qu8nr
Жыл бұрын
Just exceptional work here - thank you. The questions and pauses to allow time for thought is great.
@alm7132
Жыл бұрын
This explanation is so elegant. I wish this video was available when I was training. What a goldmine of a channel to stumble upon. I hope there are some earthing videos, Earth loops and harmonics are my focus at the mo. gonna go trawl the back catalogue. Thanks for the content
@russelldee680
Жыл бұрын
One of the best if not The best explanation of an open neutral I have seen. Well done.
@Robnord1
Жыл бұрын
I Loved this! With my RV repair business, I recently had a 5th wheel with an intermittent open ground at the junction of shore power cord (on a reel) and line to the panel. This perfectly explains the whacky voltages I was getting on both the neutral buss bar and crazy receptacle tester indications. Thank you!
@jobaecker9752
7 ай бұрын
Genius! This is an incredibly effective way to demonstrate open neutrals - thanks for your great work!
@skiloist
Жыл бұрын
Absolutely perfect explanation. I tried to explain it to a new guy and he was a deer in the head lights! I will definitely send him your way. Oh and Glory to the one God❤!
@paulmaxwell8851
Жыл бұрын
An excellent demonstration! So simple I can't believe no-one thought of it sooner! I'm now retired, after a long career in healthcare as a building systems technician, and I've never seen such a great explanation. Even my wife understood and enjoyed it.
@t2dude7
Жыл бұрын
This is the best explanation for open neutral I have ever seen. really well done!
@Calico5string1962
Жыл бұрын
Excellent video! I've had to deal with a few open neutral issues in the real world (on single-phase 120/240 volt systems), and they do make for very interesting troubleshooting. This is a great visual representation on the how they work, and the problems caused. Thanks for sharing!
@Sp1der44
Жыл бұрын
This is an outstanding demonstration that makes it much easier to understand. Great Video.
@dineroso11
2 ай бұрын
Thank You Mr Gordon for this incredible show-off! Your teaching about this common issue is a masterpiece,You already blew my mind!!
@HVAC_Tips_Tricks_Calcs
5 ай бұрын
Awesome video. I can’t believe 40 years in the trade and this is the first time this was ever explained to me so simply and completely.
@williamlankford5659
7 ай бұрын
This is one of the most informative videos ever.
@NotFarmerFlats
Жыл бұрын
Mmmm I love this. Before I dropped out of studying electrical engineering, I remember studying " mesh analysis". From what the professor said, it's one of the first complex concepts to fully understand and stay oriented with. But boy howdy! This is a wonderful visual demonstration of those Concepts at work! I love it. Wish I would have found this when I was in school.
@rdwatson
Жыл бұрын
Great demo! It immediately clarified the problem and the effects it could have. Thanks for the video.
@AFRFB09BA
Жыл бұрын
First time that I see any of your videos and already a fan. Fantastic demonstration. Thank you very much.
@95richiecruz
3 ай бұрын
This answered my question I have been having for years. I appreciate this video so much!!!
@markwagner1997
3 ай бұрын
Great video. This happened at a friend of mine's home. I was baffled, seeing dim lights in some rooms and a dining room chandelier that was so bright, you felt like you were getting a sunburn just being in the same room.
@drd1924
Жыл бұрын
This is a fantastic demonstration of something we would rarely encounter having an open neutral... and if so would leave some of the most qualified technicians scratching their heads. Bravo Sir!
@SemperShock
Жыл бұрын
The Visual learning here, got a lot of useful information about the open neutral from the display board with the lights on. Greatly appreciate that demonstration. As an IBEW member, don’t do much work on residential work & needed some info on an open neutral. Thank you
@SHarris64
Жыл бұрын
Great video!! Thank you. I’m an electrician at a large work camp and recently had to explain to my managers the dangers of running split receptacles off of the same phases. This video explains that and open neutrals perfectly. Thanks for the great explanation. 👍🏻👍🏻
@pietro5266
4 ай бұрын
I never really understood these principles until I saw this video. Great demonstration and explanation!
@user-di4bt7qu2i
Жыл бұрын
Excellent analysis. I sent the link to this video to my son (he's an Electrician). Thanks for posting
@aaronallgrunn7845
Жыл бұрын
Ran into this before i knew about trouble shooting an open neutral, was there most confusing few hours of my life. Excellent explanation. Thank you!
@scottv6506
Жыл бұрын
This is the best explanation and demonstration I have seen for this subject matter. I have struggled with open neutral in the past. Thank you for this lesson. Great teacher.
@helmanfrow
Жыл бұрын
One of the best explanations and demonstrations of it's kind. Woefully underrated video!
@user-ql9tw8gw2g
10 ай бұрын
Simple title, simple wiring, simple diagram, and simple explanation, all for a complex subject that so many people dont understand. Doesnt get much better than that!
@RTFMn00b
7 ай бұрын
Thank you for the thorough explanation! I had very odd power issues all day, only to discover a neighbor's contractor hit their line with an excavator, breaking the tensioning cable and leaving me with an open neutral. Initially viewing them as sags (down to 80v that I saw), and knowing nothing of the damage, I couldn't explain why one surge suppressor began shorting internally and melting. No other video I found explained it in the same depth or clarity.
@moreenpackard6897
Жыл бұрын
GREAT ! Demo . I can't say how wonderful this graphic demo with the meter reading is .
@KG-wh8yv
Жыл бұрын
Well done ! Many people cant get past the fact that current can flow with open neutral , or to a center tapped transformer, or both at the same time. (and that 240v doesn't even need a neutral ) Exceptional hands on presentation.👍
@keithwatson8228
Жыл бұрын
You are very brilliant. You have a true understanding of electricity. I would sure like to have you in my corner when I build my next prototype.
@4x4dually
2 ай бұрын
What a brilliant way to explain open neutrals. Next time I try to explain it to anyone, they are getting this link first. Nicely done.
@promptlycandid4710
Жыл бұрын
Why do I feel like I had an epiphany watching this? Excellent job teaching. Earned a sub.
@dribera
4 ай бұрын
Super clear demonstration and explanation. Knowledgeable electrician and a brilliant teacher.
@brianjcullinan
Жыл бұрын
Literally just dealt with this phenomenon, thank you for the simple explanation.
@trf3000
Жыл бұрын
Excellent job Dave! Wish all my instructors were like you. I've learned more from your videos then I've learned from others who try and teach the same subject.
@LMELECMAN
8 ай бұрын
That was the best demonstration of an open neutral I've ever seen. Great idea using batteries to keep it safe!
@schrosser180
Жыл бұрын
This is a perfect illustration. Very very nicely done Mr. Gordon
@erikev
Жыл бұрын
That is an extremely well put together video, with spot on simulation, and great supporting graphics all to explain a utterly trivial fact.
@matthewjones5289
Жыл бұрын
Brilliant. So glad I stumbled across this channel
@rizalardiansyah4486
Жыл бұрын
Accidentally stumbled upon this video. Great explanation! Like it! Certainly deserves more attention
@isaacphillips9844
Жыл бұрын
Very well explained! I once discovered an open neutral in the feeder inside of a parent panel before it ran to the sub-panel I was having issues in. Thankfully, there weren't that many branch circuits even being used and very minor loads at that. This was a 3-phase panel where 3 circuits would share a common neutral, so without the feeder neutral being connected in the upstream panel, the loads on one circuit were using loads on another circuit to complete the path. They noticed an issue when the voltage drop across one load was odd and didn't match any system voltage. Very good visual example and a good supplement with the whiteboard analysis as well. Thanks for sharing!
@matthewlozy1140
Жыл бұрын
Incredibly informative thank you! Helped me understand what an Open Neutral was and why it's so dangerous. Can easily cause a fire sending extra current through wire and devices not rated for it.
@thomasnesmith5426
Жыл бұрын
You have no idea how helpful this video was for explaining the REASON we use this circuit design.
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