Pastoralists in the Modern World, 9th history chapter 5, ap dsc latest news today, ts dsc, kings dsc
#Pastoralists in the Modern World #9th history chapter 5 #ap dsc latest news today #ts dsc #kings dsc
హాయ్ నా పేరు సోమరాజు. ఏ పి డి ఎస్ సి కంటెంట్ ఎక్ష్ప్లైన్ చేయడానికి ఈ వీడియో లు చేస్తున్నాను. డి ఎస్సి ఖచ్చితంగా సాధించాలి అనేవారి కోసం ఈ వీడియోలు పక్కా ప్రణాళికతో తయారు చేయడం జరుగుతుంది. టెక్స్ట్ బుక్ నే ప్రామాణికం చేసుకొని ప్రతి పాయింట్ లైన్ టు లైన్ టచ్ చేసి అకాడెమి లెవెల్ లో ఒక్క పాయింట్ కుడా మిస్ కాకుండా ఈ వీడియో లు రూపొందించడం జరుగుతుంది. ఈ విడియోలు నచ్చితే లైక్ చేసి సబ్స్క్రయిబ్ చేసుకోండి. అనుదినము మీ ప్రిపరేషన్ లో నా వంతు సహాయంగా అందిస్తుంటాను.చుడండి టెక్స్ట్ బుక్ పాయింట్స్ ని సింపుల్ గా డివైడ్ చేసి మైండ్ మ్యాపింగ్ ద్వారా మీకు బోధించడం జరుగుతుంది. ఒక్కసారి ఈ విడియో చూస్తూ నోట్స్ ప్రిపేర చేసుకొని టెక్స్ట్ బుక్ టెక్స్ట్ బుక్ చుస్తే మికే అర్ధమౌతుంది యెంత పక్కాగా వుందో!
Bugyals are vast natural pastures on the high mountains, above 12,000 feet. They are under snow in the winter and
come to life after April. At this time the entire mountainside is covered with a variety of grasses, roots and herbs.
By monsoon, these pastures are thick with vegetation and carpeted with wild flowers.
Writing in the 1850s, G.C. Barnes gave
the following description of the Gujjars
of Kangra:
‘In the hills the Gujjars are exclusively
a pastoral tribe - they cultivate scarcely
at all. The Gaddis keep flocks of sheep
and goats and the Guj jars, wealth
consists of buffaloes. These people live
in the skirts of the forests, and maintain
their existence exclusively by the sale
of the milk, ghee, and other produce
of their herds. The men graze the
cattle, and frequently lie out for weeks
in the woods tending their herds. The
women repair to the markets every
morning with baskets on their heads,
with little earthen pots filled with milk,
butter-milk and ghee, each of these
pots containing the proportion required
for a day’ s meal. During the hot
weather the Gujjars usually drive their
herds to the upper range, where the
buffaloes rejoice in the rich grass which
the rains bring forth and at the same
time at tain condition from the
temperate climate and the immunity
from venomous flies that torment their
existence in the plains.’
From: G.C. Barnes, Settlement Report
of Kangra, 1850-55.
Fig.2 - A Gujjar Mandap on the high
mountains in central Garhwal.
The Gujjar cattle herders live in these
mandaps made of ringal - a hill bamboo -
and grass from the Bugyal. A mandap was
also a work place. Here the Gujjar used to
make ghee which they took down for sale. In
recent years they have begun to transport the
milk directly in buses and trucks. These
mandaps are at about 10,000 to 11,000 feet.
Buffaloes cannot climb any higher.
Bhabar - A dry forested area below the
foothills of Garhwal and Kumaun
Bugyal - Vast meadows in the high
mountains
By September the Gaddi shepherds come down from the high
meadows (Dhars). On the way down they halt for a while to have
their sheep sheared. The sheep are bathed and cleaned before the
wool is cut.
Fig.5 - Raika camels grazing
on the Thar desert in western
Rajasthan.
Only camels can survive on the
dry and thorny bushes that can
be found here; but to get
enough feed they have to graze
over a very extensive area.
New words
Kharif - The autumn crop, usually harvested
between September and October
Rabi - The spring crop, usually harvested
after March
Stubble - Lower ends of grain stalks left in
the ground after harvesting
Fig.6 - A camel herder in his settlement.
This is on the Thar desert near Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.
The camel herders of the region are Maru (desert)
Raikas, and their settlement is called a dhandi.
Fig.7 - A camel fair at Balotra in western Rajasthan. Camel herders come to the fair to sell and buy camels. The Maru
Raikas also display their expertise in training their camels. Horses from Gujarat are also brought for sale at this fair
The genealogist recounts the history of the community. Such oral traditions give pastoral groups their own sense of identity.
These oral traditions can tell us about how a group looks at its own past
H.S. Gibson, the Deputy Conservator of
Forests, Darjeeling, wrote in 1913:
‘… forest which is used for grazing cannot
be used for any other purpose and is
unable to yield timber and fuel, which are
the main legitimate forest produce …
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