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SUMMARY
1. Phonetics is a component of linguistics that deals with SPEECH SOUNDS - their articulation, transmission and reception. Of these, we shall look briefly at the ARTICUALTION or PRODUCTION of speech sounds.
2. About half the human body is needed for the production of speech.
3. The organs that help us to speak can be divided into three SYSTEMS.
4. The three systems are (a) the RESPIRATORY system; (b) the ARTICULATORY system and (c) the PHONATORY system.
5. The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the muscles of the chest and the windpipe.
6. Respiration consists of two processes - (a) inspiration (or breathing in) and (b) expiration (or breathing out).
7. We use the air that we breathe OUT for the production of most speech sounds of the world.
8. The articulatory system consists of a few organs in our head and neck. These organs are called the ORGANS OF SPEECH. These organs are the lips, the teeth, the tongue and the palate.
9. The phonatory system consists of the larynx and the vocal cords.
10. The vocal cords are situated in the larynx. They can be moved close to each other or away from each other. The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.
11. During normal breathing, the vocal cords move far away from each other and therefore the glottis is wide open.
12. The same thing happens when we articulate certain speech sounds. These sounds are called VOICELESS SOUNDS.
13. When we articulate certain speech sounds, the vocal cords are drawn close to each other. When the air from the lungs passes through them, the air makes them VIBRATE. Speech sounds during the articulation of which the vocal cords vibrate are called VOICED SOUNDS.
14. All the vowels of English are VOICED.
15. Nine out of the twenty-four consonants in English are VOICELESS.
16. Fifteen out of the twenty-four consonants of English are VOICED.
17. The vocal cords perform yet another very important function in speech. The rate at which they vibrate determines the PITCH of our voice.
18. When the vocal cords vibrate SLOWLY, our pitch is LOW and when they vibrate RAPIDLY, our pitch is HIGH.
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