Some species of pleco within the aquarium hobby are so diverse in colouration and morphology/shape yet others aren't? But additionally some different species can look so similar. How can we make sense of this and understand it?
The green phantoms and blue phantoms look so similar yet Hemiancistrus subviridis and Hemiancistrus sp. 'L128' look so different in regards to colouration. Baryancistrus demantoides, the high finned green phantom isn't even closely related.
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References:
Armbruster, J. W., Lujan, N. K., & Taphorn, D. C. (2007). Four new Hypancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Amazonas, Venezuela. Copeia, 2007(1), 62-79.
Lujan, N. K., Armbruster, J. W., Lovejoy, N. R., & López-Fernández, H. (2015). Multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a focus on subfamily Hypostominae. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 82, 269-288.
Lujan, N. K., Winemiller, K. O., & Armbruster, J. W. (2012). Trophic diversity in the evolution and community assembly of loricariid catfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 12(1), 1-13.
Magalhães, K. X., da Silva, R. D. F., Sawakuchi, A. O., Gonçalves, A. P., Gomes, G. F. E., Muriel-Cunha, J., ... & de Sousa, L. M. (2021). Phylogeography of Baryancistrus xanthellus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a rheophilic catfish endemic to the Xingu River basin in eastern Amazonia. Plos one, 16(8), e0256677.
Py-Daniel, L. R., Zuanon, J., & Oliveira, R. R. D. (2011). Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9, 241-252.
Werneke, D. C., Sabaj, M. H., Lujan, N. K., & Armbruster, J. W. (2005). Baryancistrus demantoides and Hemiancistrus subviridis, two new uniquely colored species of catfishes from Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 3, 533-542.
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