Popes: Callixtus II #160, VRP Catholic Media. The Investiture Controversy was settled during this popes reign. Reluctant to accept his election, he conceded and sent papal legates to the Diet of Worms in 1122. A concordat between Church and State was signed, and Emperor Henry V ensured the independence of papal election. Callixtus also held the First Lateran Council, which declared any marriage of the clergy invalid. Previously, the practice had been illicit and sinful though still considered valid.
Read from, Popes through the Ages, Third Edition, (1980, Joseph S. Brusher, S.J.).
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