Insulin Resistance: The earliest stage, often silent and reversible, where body cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher insulin production by the pancreas.
Prediabetes: Affects about 40% of the American population, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (100-125 mg/dL) but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.
Diabetes: The final stage, where glucose levels exceed 126 mg/dL, and the pancreas can no longer produce sufficient insulin. Chronic high glucose levels cause serious damage to blood vessels and nerves.
Acanthosis Nigricans: Dark, velvety skin patches, often found in body folds, are an early sign of insulin resistance.
Central Obesity: Abdominal fat is closely related to insulin resistance due to its metabolic activity, leading to tissue damage and insulin insensitivity.
Triglycerides and Cholesterol: Elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of good cholesterol are signs of insulin resistance due to disrupted fat metabolism.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): In women, insulin resistance can cause PCOS, leading to irregular periods, acne, and excessive hair growth due to increased androgen production.
Weight Gain: Insulin resistance promotes fat storage and is often linked to leptin resistance, reducing satiety and increasing hunger.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): Used to monitor glucose levels over 2-3 months. Levels of 5.7-6.4% indicate prediabetes, while levels above 6.5% suggest diabetes.
Balanced Diet: Reducing sugar intake, eating non-starchy vegetables, and increasing fiber are key dietary strategies to manage insulin resistance.
Portion Control: Limiting portion sizes for grains, meats, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds is essential for managing blood sugar and preventing insulin resistance from progressing.
Physical Activity: At least one hour of exercise daily, such as brisk walking, is crucial for managing insulin resistance and preventing diabetes.
Weight Loss: Losing 5-10% of body weight can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes from prediabetes.
Medications: Metformin is the first-line treatment for improving insulin sensitivity, with pioglitazone and GLP1 receptor agonists also used in specific cases.
Early Detection: Recognizing early signs like skin changes, central obesity, and elevated triglycerides can help prevent the progression from insulin resistance to diabetes.
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Disclaimer:
This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.
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