开放的深远海海域拥有强大的物理自净能力和丰富的非化石能源资源,如风能、潮汐能、太阳辐射能等。因此,国际社会期盼水产养殖从近岸迈向远海,从而解决水产养殖增产、缓解富营养化和减少温室气体排放问题。迄今为止,中国已建成40多台套深远海养殖装备,包括各种类型围栏、网箱和封闭养殖舱。尽管深远海养殖在解决中国食物安全和水产养殖可持续性方面具有巨大潜力,但目前的发展模式很难实现解决食物安全的初衷,主要是其过于专注高价格品种和企业盈利性。为此,深远海养殖模式亟待创新,以解决企业盈利性与民众对产品可购买性、高碳水产品与清洁能源水产品、自动化生产与近岸失业渔农再就业等三对矛盾。这些矛盾的解决需要研发大型抗台风深远海围栏,并将海水养殖与风电场、水产品加工、旅游等产业有机结合。惟此大型深远海综合养殖模式才可实现企业盈利、环境保护和民生问题间的可持续平衡。
The open deep and distant sea has a strong physical self-purification capacity and abundant non-fossil energy resources, such as wind, tidal and solar radiation energy. Therefore, the international community expects aquaculture to move from the near shore to the far sea, thus solving the problems of increasing aquaculture production, alleviating eutrophication and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. So far, China has built more than 40 sets of deep-sea aquaculture equipment, including various types of pens, nets and closed aquaculture tanks. Although deep-sea aquaculture has great potential to address food security and the sustainability of aquaculture in China, the current development model is hardly able to realize the original intention of addressing food security, mainly because of its over-focus on high-priced species and corporate profitability. For this reason, the deep-sea aquaculture model urgently needs to be innovated in order to resolve the contradictions between corporate profitability and the public's purchasability of products, high-carbon and clean-energy aquaculture products, and automated production and the re-employment of unemployed near-shore fishermen and farmers. The resolution of these contradictions requires the research and development of large-scale typhoon-resistant deep and distant sea enclosures, and the organic integration of mariculture with wind farms, aquatic product processing, tourism and other industries. Only in this way can the large-scale integrated deep-sea aquaculture model achieve a sustainable balance between corporate profitability, environmental protection and people's livelihood.
Негізгі бет Progress and Dilemmas of Deep-sea Aquaculture in China(中国深远海养殖进展与面临的困境)
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