Draw the neat sketch of puddling furnace and explain how wrought iron is
produced from it.
Wrought iron is produced from pig iron using a reverberatory furnace which is also called puddling furnace.
In this furnace the charge does not contact with direct fire but receives its heat by reflection form the furnace roof.
It is a coal fired furnace with a inner lining of iron oxide of haematite, Fe2O3
Oxygen in haematite provides oxygen necessary to oxidize carbon, sulphur, silicon, manganese, and phosphorous present in pig iron.
With removal of impurities the melting point of iron rises and it becomes semi solid mass.
It is drawn out in the form of large balls or blooms.
Blooms yet contain some amount of slag. They are hammered and reduced to remove slag from it.
Wrought iron is the purest form of iron.
It is the softest, toughest and most ductile of all the types of iron.
It can be easily forged and welded.
Wrought iron is used in chains, crane hooks, railway couplings, pipe and pipe fittings, plates, bars and boiler tubes.
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