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@nadelcnu
3 жыл бұрын
Not a fan of the 5 minute ad spot here. It almost was bad enough to make me click away.
@fabiovarra3698
3 жыл бұрын
@@nadelcnu you can easly skip it
@gadlicht4627
3 жыл бұрын
So a basic principle of stability for rocket and projectile is to have center of mass as far away from center of pressure (kind of like center of forces of friction) The pilum by having a heavy long thing rod of metal probably shifts it’s center mass forward and pressure back making it more stable Look up pendulum rocket fallacy for more info If you chunks of pilum you could figure out how much it shifts center of mass forward Or you could make short stompy one or one with different weight distribution or thicker head on front and do stability test on wind or see how easy to aim I think even slight stability benefit may be huge help with wind or if you throw and are under pressure so you can’t aim etc as well
@IMortage
3 жыл бұрын
It's a really awful game though. Sad to see you selling out to that predatory rubbish. What's next, advertising for back alley bookies and meth? dealers
@coreys2686
3 жыл бұрын
@@VoxVictus In-Range TV had an interesting interaction with them. Raid pulled out the lawyer card. Karl told them to take a long walk off a short pier.
@QuentinStephens
3 жыл бұрын
Never mind the archaeology, let's all applaud Matt for his mastery of cats: the cat actually came to him when he called!
@blushanka9397
3 жыл бұрын
Feline mastery!
@peterclarke7240
3 жыл бұрын
Cat Easton does what he/she/it likes. It just so happened today he/she/it felt like being on youtube.
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
@@peterclarke7240 The cat saw what Matt was up to, and didn't want to become target practice. :D
@hector_2999
3 жыл бұрын
Scholacatatoria
@nevisysbryd7450
3 жыл бұрын
@@hector_2999 The scholagladiatoria crest IS a lynx
@wanderingwizard1361
3 жыл бұрын
Matt: Holds up chain mail. "Now you will notice that this is 8mm round section riveted Indian made mail." Me: *Nods wisely* "Naturally I did notice."
@a-blivvy-yus
3 жыл бұрын
"I'm usually only throwing at about 60% strength" Matt Easton confirmed for anime protagonist? Now we just have to wait for the upcoming video of 100% power final form Matt Easton glowing purple and shooting lasers out of his eyes while dual-wielding CONTEXT...
@AndersonNSilva-mw7kl
3 жыл бұрын
🎶 I KEEP MY IDEALS! 🎶
@tl8211
3 жыл бұрын
kzitem.info/news/bejne/wKmHvn1tcXyajGU
@notimportant4268
3 жыл бұрын
Totally could see it. Evil villain: fear my smallsword skills! *shing!* Matt Easton:"Nande?!?! That's NOT a smallsword! That's a spadroon! And that scabbard is MUCH too tight..." Villain: and how do you know that?!?!? Matt Easton: *fire emerging from eyes, nearby rocks begin levitating* "Secret ultimate technique: Super analysis, heavenly slicer crimson context cannon!" O.O
@williamburden2308
3 жыл бұрын
Dual wielding Context haha
@Sophocles13
3 жыл бұрын
No
@klausgerken1905
3 жыл бұрын
I think it's worth mentioning: The shafts of the pila did not bend on impact, even when thrown at short range against a steel target they did not penetrate. I beliefe it's save to conclude that the "pila where made to bend" idea is straight out of the window.
@RomanHistoryFan476AD
3 жыл бұрын
I think the bend thing came around from early findings and stories passed down. I do know the Pila was meant to stick in the shield and make it useless or unwieldly.
@green2498
Жыл бұрын
if you're moving forward as it gets stuck in your shield the weight will cause your shield and pilum to angle down and it'll hit the ground and bend that way
@moonasha
Жыл бұрын
this comment is old, but this is a huge misunderstanding. I forget which Roman author it was, but he wrote that they did in fact intend for the pilum to BREAK, not bend, on impact, by manufacturing it so one of the pegs attaching the head to the shaft would break on a hard impact, rendering it... floppy and unwieldy. Also easy to repair and reuse afterwards.
@jonc2914
Жыл бұрын
Designed to bend is complete fanboy nonsense.
@jonc2914
Жыл бұрын
@@moonasha not consistent with the archeology
@dwaneanderson8039
3 жыл бұрын
As an experiment, you can try to harden your pila tips yourself. You just need to find someone with a acetylene welding torch. Heat up the tip until it's glowing bright orange and then dunk it in a bucket of cold water. It might not work, but then again maybe it will. Might be worth a try just to see what happens.
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
I've hardened plenty of carbon steel, but I am pretty sure these are mild steel and therefore not high enough carbon to work.
@PaletoB
3 жыл бұрын
Yea, "case hardening" is very simple and if the romans knew how to they could easily have done it in camp. Clickspring have a good recipe that works well for me.
@Vatnikgobyebye
3 жыл бұрын
Powdered charcoal is a good source of carbon to case harden with, or oil.
@oldnumber5866
3 жыл бұрын
You’ll need to dress a pig’s carcass in a cloth shirt with mail and put it behind a shield to really test it. The carcass needs to be suspended from a rope so it has some “give” to it to act more like a body not propped up on a post. Either that or find someone to volunteer to do this, good luck with that!
@NecroBanana
3 жыл бұрын
KZitem doesn't like that.
@Tennouseijin
3 жыл бұрын
Technically, ballistic gelatin is also a pig, just more processed.
@oldnumber5866
3 жыл бұрын
@@Tennouseijin just no bone tendon, or cartilage. Not a realistic medium to comparison to normal flesh. I’ve seen a big difference between shooting ballistics gelatin and a deer with an arrow.
@Tennouseijin
3 жыл бұрын
@@oldnumber5866 True. Though I wonder how much of an improvement it is when people use PVC pipes, wood or similar to replicate bones, and leather etc. to replicate skin. I haven't seen anyone replicating tendons or cartilage, though. One thing I've heard is that we should keep in mind the differences between living tissue and dead one. Dry, dead bones are more brittle than living ones, supposedly, and processed leather is also different than living skin. Though how much of a difference that would make in a ballistic test, I don't know. ... anyway, my comment was more of a reply to NecroBanana's "youtube doesn't like it" issue. Synthetic replacements seem like the best replacement for youtube, if demonetization is at stake. Though maybe, if we want to make a more realistic test, we'd have to use a carcass, but make it not look like a carcass!... paint it, maybe? Or use video filters? Hmm... I guess there may be ways to trick Google...
@fuknrowdy
3 жыл бұрын
@@oldnumber5866 I've noticed the same thing. If they weren't so prohibitively expensive I'd be curious to play around with one of those ones with the bones and blood and blah blah you see on TV sometimes. Without knowing how authentic the bone density and hardness is and the organs and therefore how accurate they are, I can't justify the expense. There's also the fact that, especially with arrows and blades, the movement of the tissue from muscle contractions, attempting to dodge or strike while being wounded, running away, etc are all responsible for a noticeable amount of damage, incapacitation is only instantaneous in the case of the destruction of the brain stem. Injuries even to the rest of the brain or the spinal cord cause muscle spasms as the nervous system goes nuts. Even an aortic rupture takes 90 to 120 second for a human heart to stop beating. Of course most of the time the victim will go into shock before then. Rapid loss of blood volume typically causes vision narrowing then loss, dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and loss of consciousness all of which lead to varying degrees of being incapacitated but there's at least a minute of motion to increase the severity of the wound
@JacquesOfflanebach
3 жыл бұрын
Can't get enough of Roman Pilum videos. But what I can never fathom is how the Legionnaires threw them out of a formation. Without completely breaking it up that is. Can you do a video on that?
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
It's a good question and I don't have an answer at the moment. But this is EXACTLY the issue which leads me to not throw the javelin with a run-up like in modern athletics (and I used to throw javelin competitively at school, so that's what I am used to). When wearing armour, carrying a scutum and trying to stay in some kind of formation, I don't believe that Roman soldiers would generally have had much or any run-up. And indeed the body mechanics of throwing a javelin while holding a large shield in front of you have to be different as well, and don't allow as much rotation - I demonstrated this in earlier videos in the series.
@jokuhunaify
3 жыл бұрын
@scholagladiatoria Or actual fighting is more of a "skirmish" then close formation. Look at modern riots. Riot police vs rioters. Sometimes there is actual contact, but if everyone had sharp weapons and were out to kill each other, contact of both lines would be over in seconds. Then, if no one runs away, both sides separate a few paces. That's the space where the pilum can go to work...
@ArmouredProductions
3 жыл бұрын
One thing to also consider is that formations are close but not always shoulder to shoulder. They're not always packed together in a solid shield wall, they might have spaces inbetween each other.
@Aalienik
3 жыл бұрын
I'd suspect the entire formation didn't throw their pila at once. Rather the first, maybe two-three ranks might throw their pila before clashing with an enemy formation. Then later in the battle, if the unit of romans have disengaged from hand to hand fighting, another group can throw theirs, or pass their pila forward to the ones in the front to throw.
@johnh8546
3 жыл бұрын
Its a good question but a well disciplined professional Roman army could start in a loose formation throw then tighten up before contact. If you drilled that it wouldn't be all that impractical.
@HaNsWiDjAjA
3 жыл бұрын
Now I understood how the Almogavars, Iberian infantry during the 13th and 14th century, could be very effective against the charge of mounted knights using similar heavy javelins known as azagaya. Mail barely resisted those massive throwing spears when hit squarely.
@Entiox
3 жыл бұрын
Wearing mail on bare skin is a really terrible idea if you're a particularly hairy person, as a friend of mine once discovered. It took him a long time to get out of that mail shirt without plucking himself like a chicken.
@arx3516
3 жыл бұрын
It can be used as an altermative to wax!
@quintoblanco8746
3 жыл бұрын
@@arx3516 Exactly. It could be considered to be a benefit.
@Glimmlampe1982
3 жыл бұрын
That was my first idea. But maybe that's how berserkers worked. The constant sting makes you incredibly angry and aggressive I guess :D
@hendrikvanleeuwen9110
3 жыл бұрын
That's why dwarves never take their mail off, for fear of damaging their beards.
@CrimeVid
3 жыл бұрын
Do it once or twice , problem over !
@martinhuhn7813
3 жыл бұрын
These tests are performed by using the weapon as good as you can. That makes a lot of sense, when the maximum damage against a type of armour is tested. But regarding the question, how effective an armour was in a real battle, it is also interesting to know, what a badly executed throw or hit (or a nice one, which can´t be done with full force, because of the situation) will do. It would be nice to see that included in the testing. To know, that a pilum can go through chainmail or a shield and still penetrate deeply into the soldier is a valuable piece of information. But to know that it usually won´t in a battlefield situation or that it would do that under most circumstances seems to make a big difference to me.
@franciscodanconia3551
3 жыл бұрын
Cat Easton cameos. The best part of historical weapons testing.
@danyoutube7491
3 жыл бұрын
@24:49 Matt you've made a miniature billhook! Clearly the purpose of the segmentata was to rapidly create sustainably produced billhooks with which to fight enemy infantry and cavalry; we have so much to learn from the Romans in regards to achieving a zero carbon economy.
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
But not zero carbon steel. :D
@Kceam
3 жыл бұрын
“Maybe my garden is smaller than your Rome, but my pilum is harder than your sternum!“ - Asterix in Britain
@TeutonicEmperor1198
3 жыл бұрын
I remember that part! The Gauls had destroyed the guy's garden and then the Roman legionnaries who were after them were stopped by the owner! God Asterix is such a good comic!
@llearch
3 жыл бұрын
"Another 2000 years of tender care and it'll make quite a decent bit of lawn" - British Landowner in the general vicinity of Wimbledon, as I recall.
@4d4m22
3 жыл бұрын
It’s only a shame I can’t like this comment more than once. Well done sir!
@bobrobinson1576
3 жыл бұрын
Oscar stopped your attack dead. He's a legendary Gaul.
@pattheplanter
3 жыл бұрын
Surely one of the Catuvellauni?
@franzmauer6505
3 жыл бұрын
What Oscar? It's Cat Easton.
@Colonel_Blimp
3 жыл бұрын
He scorned body armour like a true Briton.
@awizardlizard6793
3 жыл бұрын
I would absolutely love a video about throwing axes in warfare. From what I understand they were not only used in anglo-saxon/frankish period, but also from light cav in 18thish century? Also I've read speculations about throwing the axes in front of the enemy lines so they can bounce upwards and make them more unpredictable. In any case I think it would be fascinating.
@brittakriep2938
3 жыл бұрын
I have never heared of 18th century light cavallry armed with hatchets ( in german Beile). But some higher cavallry officers, especially the colonels , still had a hatchet ,warhammer or a mace , as a sign of importance like the Marshalls rod(?)/ Marschallstab or the kings szept and when necessary as weapon. But as far as i know, those 18th century hatchets, maces and warhammers had been smaller and weaker than medieval ones. May be, that units like russian cossaks or austrian border guards / Grenzer, which still had a semiregular appearance, used hatchets. Also some Northern America colonial militias used perhaps the Tomahawk as substitute/ addition to sabers. About 18th century cavallry in non european countries, i have no knowledge.
@kleinjahr
3 жыл бұрын
It would not surprise me if the Romans held spare parts for the segmantata in their armory. At the end of the day's battle simply change out the damaged bits. As for hardening the points of the pilae, you could try using a supersaturated sugar solution. Heat the point to about cherry then dip it in the solution. This will roughly equate to case hardening.
@JackSilver1410
3 жыл бұрын
Don't tell me that. I've got enough stuff to do without experimenting with candying a knife blade.
@tasatort9778
3 жыл бұрын
As a blacksmith I can tell you that will not work; you'd have to get the solution up to 700 degrees and soak the steel in it for a while, but even then it's iffy. You'd be better off applying Kasenite and heating in a furnace for a few hours.
@brittakriep2938
3 жыл бұрын
I am german. Many years ago i have read, that in middle ages an english bishop traveled to a town, where a large market was done. The king wanted to do the same jouney a week later and advised the bishop, to buy half a pound of sugar , if such a large ammount(?) of sugar is availlable at this market'. So sugar was a rather expensive thing in old days. To use such expensive goods for speartips?
@joeharris864
2 жыл бұрын
Problem with the "swap out the plates" solution is that you still need to survive a battle with armour which no long fits you or articulates. It's a much more immediate problem if you're wearing it.
@joejoelesh1197
3 жыл бұрын
I wasn't going to 'like' this video, but then Cat Easton made an appearance. Who am I kidding, I was going to like it anyway.
@murmur3966
2 жыл бұрын
I LOVE THAT SPEAR!! That was an excellent demonstration of the fierce power that Roman weapons makers built into their designs. If you still need something to do with your sheet steel, I would love to see you take it to a shop with sheet punches. You could get them to die punch scale sized plugs that you can use to create a section of scale armor to do spear or arrow testing with. That way it doesn't just get recycled, it gets recycled and reused. :-) Great stuff and I can't wait to see more as I get my video viewing caught up to your current content. Good luck and I hope you stay healthy and happy in all your future endeavors.
@peterchristiansen9695
Жыл бұрын
Glad I finally got around to watching this video! As usual, both educational and entertaining. One thing I took away from this (and I genuinely never thought of this before!): Always remember to raise your scutum; otherwise you’ll risk receiving a pilum through your scr0tum... 🤔
@rileyandrews3211
3 жыл бұрын
This video makes me rethink everything about what a battle would look like in Roman times. Thanks Matt
@KD-ff3mg
3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant video! I think it explains pretty well why pilum replaced the Hasta even though the pila were more costly to construct (more iron in the shank).
@Zawakawaka
2 жыл бұрын
This video is pretty informative, but do keep in mind hammered steel/iron is 30-40% stronger than cold rolled steel( eg like your mild sheet) simply lightly peening it over and over would make it significantly more durable. Its fairly unlikely they made steel sheets in a foundry and then pressed it out with a roller but rather with a hammer and alot of historical pieces have the back side hammered too. This is my experience as a armorsmith.
@muninrob
3 жыл бұрын
Putting your shaft in the fire may improve hardness and penetration - but damn that's gotta hurt.
@michaelpettersson4919
3 жыл бұрын
😄😄😄😄
@Rayan-mz2co
3 жыл бұрын
I feel like RAID SHADOW LEGENDS are indeed everywhere on the youtube now...
@HappyBuffalo347
3 жыл бұрын
Cat Eastern cameo appearance at 29:25
@jameslightfoot1872
3 жыл бұрын
I made a javalin out of 3/8" Rebar, sharpened on the end. It has ridiculous armor penetrating power.
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
That sounds terrifying! :D
@williammiao8862
3 жыл бұрын
Some Japanese guy during WW2: let’s strap a HEAT warhead to a stick for real penetrating power
@randyc750
3 жыл бұрын
Protip: the human body will seize rebar if impaled by it. The texture of rebar is designed to seat and hold in whatever medium in which it is embedded. :) Super deadly, though. Rebar is a great material to do fun stuff with.
@Tork789
3 жыл бұрын
Some notes on why roman steel plates might have been better than modern steel plates: 1. They were most likely work-hardened, you can't say that about modern steel plates. 2. Depending on the type of armour, it could've been thicker. In fact we do know that helmets could be up to 3 mm thick. 3. It could be made out of Noricum iron, which was basically a steel alloy because of high nickel content. Correct me if I got something wrong here, because I'm not 100% confident in that one. 4. Slag globules, which were most likely present in the iron's microstructure, in a well-made plate, could be formed into thin strips and act as crack-stoppers, increasing the plate's durability instead of diminishing it. 5. They could be case-hardened. Same as the arrow/pilum tips btw.
@toddellner5283
3 жыл бұрын
As Sir Terry Pratchett said about arrows "Mail is a loosely connected series of holes"
@Ghostselkie
3 жыл бұрын
I realy enjoy this videos. Nice content. And cute Cat.
@HistoricalWeapons
3 жыл бұрын
thank you i always wanted to know what happens. I want to test armour penetration with my asian warbows but I dont know where to get historical armour for reasonable price. Where do you recommend?
@siberiaacoustic
3 жыл бұрын
lol randomly see u here
@HistoricalWeapons
3 жыл бұрын
@@siberiaacoustic haha good to see you
@druthvlodovic
3 жыл бұрын
probably way too heavy but car scrapyards, roofs, doors etc. Or you could look up foundries and ask if they do small orders.
@HistoricalWeapons
3 жыл бұрын
@@druthvlodovic interesting but if you shoot a car or door it doesn't demonstrate the effectiveness in a historical context. i dont mind spend a few hundred but armour gets expensive real fast
@Acer81996
3 жыл бұрын
@@HistoricalWeapons I still suggest you test on various types of sheet metal at different angles before moving on to validate the results with replica armour. Cheaper and more repeatable that way.
@QualityPen
3 жыл бұрын
The excitement and enthusiasm in your voice at the beginning are tangible!
@boydgrandy5769
3 жыл бұрын
If the chain mail was to be hung so that there was some give to it at the pilum strike, such as would be encountered if it struck a man in the gut, would that possibly reduce the penetrative power of the point? I practice golf in my back yard with a net, and when I hit balls that strike the net outside of the target area, which has a pocket in it that absorbs the impact of the golf ball usually, the ball has several times gone clean through the woven nylon netting like a bullet. The first time I did it, it really surprised me, but I realized that, outside the target pocket, the netting is stretched pretty tightly and cannot gather around the ball before it causes the netting material to fail. Of course, I'm putting a lot of velocity on the golf ball (120-130mph) that is 1.68" in diameter and weighs 1.6 ounces, which delivers about 50 ft-lbs to a net area of about 2 square inches. The net strands are about 1/8" thick, of multiple fibers, and the net has a tight weave with 3/16" segments.
@RiderOftheNorth1968
3 жыл бұрын
@@HarryGreenMathematician But mail on a peson WILL flex with the blow and absorb an amount off the energy. In the name of science, this test, and previos one with shields, should be done with realistically flexing target. There is several movies here on KZitem showing "amazing penertation power" of arrows and what not when the target armour is fixated. But set up the target with just a little amount of flex and we have a bounce off.
@andrewshaw1571
3 жыл бұрын
I learned from tod, granted with arrows, that lubing the shaft helps with deeper penetration when dealing with wood.
@hawkbox
3 жыл бұрын
Hur hur hur.
@titanscerw
3 жыл бұрын
Not just wood ... when properly waxed they go noticebly deeper to almost any usual material.
@matthewdaniel6045
3 жыл бұрын
I got into an argument with a guy about the pilum. I made a comment that it could be used as a small fighting spear against cavalry. Guy always argued that its made to be thrown so it can't be used that way. And thats why they have auxiliary forces.
@LazyLifeIFreak
3 жыл бұрын
I dunno, if you had to fight cav I might choose the pilum over the sword. Then again if I had the option of a proper spear, screw the sword I need reach.
@susanmaggiora4800
3 жыл бұрын
Matthew Daniel That’s a pretty black & white way to approach it. I’d guess things were probably a bit more fluid than that.
@matthewdaniel6045
3 жыл бұрын
I would call a pilum a proper spear. Just one that only trusts. Plus the square/ triangle formation was in use by then. So the outer cohort in the square and slingers and archers in the middle with officers. I'd say pretty good odds.
@Intranetusa
3 жыл бұрын
There is actually a bunch of Roman historical texts that talk about using the Roman pilum like a spear. Examples includes the following: 1) Plutarch describes Caesar's men at Pharsalus jabbing upwards at the faces of Pompey's cavalry with their javelins. "And this was what actually came to pass; for they could not endure the upward thrust of the javelins..." and "Whenever the cavalry charged, they were to run out through the front ranks, and were not to hurl their pila, as the best soldiers usually did in their eagerness to draw their swords, but to strike upwards with them and wound the aces and eyes of the enemy" -"The Life of Julius Caesar" and "The Life of Pompey" by Plutarch 2) Antony's invasion of Parthia: Plutarch in Life of Antony 45 talks about Mark Antony's legions using their pila to thrust at Parthians in melee. "But the Romans, with a full battle cry, suddenly sprang up, and thrusting with their javelins slew the foremost of the Parthians and put all the rest to rout." -Life of Antony by Plutarch 3) We have reliefs on Roman artwork showing Romans using pila in melee combat stabbing at Dacian infantry. (See Tropaeum Traiani) 4) Caear's writings about the Battle of Alessia where he states his troops used their pila like spears or pikes in his book, The Gallic Wars (Book VII?) 5) Arrian in Array against the Alans (2nd century AD) talks about legionary heavy infantry equipped with an iron shank weapon used to thrust at horses: "Fifteenth legion's infantry should hold the entire right center above the middle of the whole area, because they are by far the most numerous. They should deploy in eight ranks and their deployment should be close ordered...And the front four ranks of the formation must be of spearmen, whose spearpoints end in thin iron shanks. And the foremost of them should hold them at the ready, in order that when the enemies near them, they can thrust the ironpoints of the spears at the breast of the horses in particular. Those standing in second, third an fourth rank of the formation must hold their spears ready for thrusting if possible, wounding the horses and killing the horsemen and put the rider out of action with the spear stuck in their heavy body armour and the iron point bent because of the softness. The follow ranks should be of the javelineers." -Array against Alans by Arrian See the comment I made about the durability of the pila: www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/i4osb9/im_a_roman_legionnaire_who_just_fought_a_battle_i/g0kzdyc/
@anthonydevito1298
3 жыл бұрын
D E E P P E N E T R A T I O N
@pattheplanter
3 жыл бұрын
Have you read Janet Lang's "Roman iron and steel: A review"? "Some projectile weapons reported seem to have hardened surfaces, either by working or by carburizing, and softer interiors. Two pila (spears) were dissimilar in composition and construction. One pilum from Vindonissa [17] was mainly ferritic with a cold-worked tip while another had a layered ferritic iron and steel structure (maximum hardness 218 HV). " Lots of other info in that paper from 2017: www.academia.edu/download/52418228/Paper_for_special_issue_on_Aspects_of_Ancient_Metallurgy_Roman_iron_and_steel_A_review.pdf
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting, thanks!
@junichiroyamashita
3 жыл бұрын
@@scholagladiatoria Hay Matt,are you gonna make a video about the Sjambok that another youtuber sent around 5 months ago? I really want to see your opinion on that type of weapon.
@339Jackscarify
3 жыл бұрын
I love you.
@eliinthewolverinestate6729
2 жыл бұрын
I agree that's why javelin had lancet tips for chain mail. A javelin had end cap to use atlatl and amentums.
@andrewmetcalfe9898
3 жыл бұрын
Matt bangs on about how it was only occasionally that the pilum bent upon impact and that the primary purpose was a a penetrative weapon. That is undoubtably correct. But also something of a ‘straw man’ argument. It was the observations of Marius (or more likely one of his contemporaries, Rutilius Rufus) that sought to amplify the effects of the occasionally bent pilum by replacing one of the two metal rivets holding the metal head piece onto the wooden shaft with a wooden plug that would break upon impact. So there was the desired penetration, but also the additional benefits of making the pilum inoperative for the remainder of the battle until it was presumably collected afterwards and fixed for further battles.
@cascadianrangers728
3 жыл бұрын
In terms of bending, I think sheild dynamics were probably most important; A wildly jarring or at least continously shifting shield would result in a dramatic increase of bent spears
@BeingFireRetardant
3 жыл бұрын
Let's be real, mail only truly protects against a glancing cut, and prevents severing of the flesh underneath, but does little against arrows, pilum, or pesh-kabz; which are specifically designed to penetrate exactly that. Stabby stabby pounds per square inch versus sharpened edge glancing off metallic over layer. Mail has it's benefits, as does modern kevlar, but can be easily defeated by sharp pointy things traveling fast that deliver lots of energy in a very small space. Like a .308, or in this case, a five pound spear with a hardened iron tip, that has both high sectional density and mass for follow through. Still, mail beneath kevlar and ceramic plate rated to IIIA is a pretty effective combo, over a padded jack. EOTWAWKI Brigade, sound off... (I for one, am counting on very few adversaries who carry a Roman pilum as a main weapon.)
@densamme1752
Жыл бұрын
I know that there are finds of pilums with "flat" points, some suggest that it is because the head was case hardened and therfore sheard. The samples where to rusted to check that, I would propose that it might have had a flat head from the start. A punch with a concave face will use less force to shear tru 1mm steel plate than a point would because of the steels plastic deformation.
@louisvictor3473
3 жыл бұрын
Just occurred to me a considerably good argument against the pila being primarily made to bend on the shield, and I think your test very strongly supports it. If penetrating the shield and bending to possibly ruin the shield was the exclusive primary purpose of the weapon, it would make much more sense to make them out of bronze, possibly leaded bronze, which would be a bit heavier and not thrown any slower (unless you're quite weak, you're much sooner hindered from throwing the thing faster by technique and biomechanics than the sly mass increase, but that extra mass still increases energy and inertia). If the shields are made of wood, bronze or steel, it goes through the same. But bronze will bend more easily than steel, and the Romans were very familiar with working bronze. If they wanted something that would go through wood and bend, they'd know bronze would be better for the job than steel. However, if you want to have better chances to not bend, but hit the person behind, either to mess up their armor (maybe get luck and hit a gap between plates, mail or unarmored parts), then it being made of steel makes more sense. There is one source that I don't have access to, but I've heard it shows evidence of some shafts being hardened steel (and I presume most heads were hardened, even if the wear of the nearly 2000 years might make them not seem like that today). That is definitely not something you'd do if you wanted it to be bendy bendy primarily. This source would be Cowan, Ross (2003). "Equipment". Roman legionary: 58 BC - AD 69. Osprey Publishing. pp. 25-26. (copy and pasted as I found it), but again I don't personally know nor have access/interest to get it, so I can't comment further on that. But still, even without properly heat threated shafts, Roman metallurgy was pretty developed for its time. They'd know better than try to make a bendy thing out of steel when they knew they had better for that.
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
Yeah, we only know what we are focusing on from the past, but they were very aware of bronze.
@SniperAngle12
3 жыл бұрын
Just want to make 2 points regarding the lorica segmentata approximations, the angle of impact of the pilum makes a big difference, as the pilum that does not land squarely against the plate would have a rolled tip (although it's probably obvious to you) and the penetration is also impacted as the force of the pilum is not in line with the tip and doesn't help to drive it in but rather the embedded tip becomes a pivot point for the pilum, so this point probably has more to do with the skill/luck of the thrower. The second point regards the curved plate and I see that you have it set up like an arch, which is supported on both ends by the archery target, which is an inaccurate approximation of a curved human body where the plates would not be supported on the ends like a bridge and the shape of the plate therefore doesn't really absorb any of the force of impact, since the force cannot be distributed down and towards the supported ends like a bridge and it would instead act like an axially domed helmet and the curvature serves to help deflect or at least prevent a square on impact of the pilum.
@Tiger2071-e6f
3 жыл бұрын
This was some good testing and I think this should be explored a little more. I expecially would like to see at the very least a test against a ballistics gel block with a shield and the mail
@cycadaacolyte6349
3 жыл бұрын
Lorica Hamata was not only of a finer mesh (increasing the number of rings needing to be burst to many times their size) the upper torso/shoulders were double layered. Would love to see some tests done on the smaller 6mm flattened ring mail material taking the double layering into account, with and without any supportive layers underneath.
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
Yes I did mentioned both these factors in the video :-) I would love to test some more authentic Roman type mail in the future, though I have to be honest that based on this test, I don't believe the results would be very different on a single layer of mail. A double layer, that's a different story.
@chucknorris202
2 жыл бұрын
Ive always been a big fan of the Pilum(the Heavy Pila specifically not the lighter one). Like all the ancient sources say, and you as well many times, the heavy one wouldve been thrown right before the enemy came into melee range, and giving the Romans just enough time to draw their Gladius or Spatha. And this tradition continued. The late empire they were using Darts like Plumbata that were weighted and had a similar(though obviously lesser) effect(but greater range) than the Pilum did as well as many other kinds of javelins and darts(or Arrows, with late empire troops in some regions). This continued into the medieval period, where the Franks for example, I dont think they had widespread use of heavy javelins, but they used the Francisca throwing Axe for a similar sort of effect; though it couldnt outright penetrate through armor and shields it DID have a totally different advantage to javelins, it would bounce along the ground until it hit someone or something giving it greater effective range. And the Francisca could also disable shields as well, embedding into them and making it very hard to draw it out quickly, so the enemy would quickly get tired when the Frankish soldier engaged him in melee combat with sword and shield(or spear and shield). Im pretty sure they also used darts similar to the Plumbata as well. In ancient warfare before guns, it seemed to be very effective tactic during warfare to have your troops, esp your armored troops(even if they are facing enemy soldiers in full armor for the time), to equip them with a heavy throwing weapon of some sort that they would throw into the enemy ranks en masse(or individually if it was a 1 on 1 or small group vs small group) to try to disable their shield or best of all would or kill them outright with it, before closing to engage in hand to hand combat. The fact that not just the Romans but pretty much all of the warriors of Europe since Roman times up till the days of Gunpowder would use these sorts of tactics(Im not sure when this tactic was phased out though). It was clearly highly effective against both armored and unarmored warriors. Im also pretty sure that Charlemagne equipped and trained his infantry with Bows and Arrows as a sort of secondary weapon so they could still be useful(ESP against cavalry/light cavalry esp the horse archer raiding bands the mongol types) and still cause damage and death to the enemy even though they dont have comparably mobility. Then they would switch back to using their spears or their swords with their shields when the enemy was close. Very effective considering that Charlemagne conquered and kept in his control pretty much all of Western Europe besides a couple places and was engaged in brutal warfare that lasted his whole life against the Germanic pagans. If these heavy throwing weapons werent effective it wouldve been abandoned without reservation, regardless of tradition, a LOOONG time ago. The Romans were always pragmatic and didnt mind tossing out stuff that didnt work anymore, even if it had a long history, and many of the successor states the Germanic Kingdoms after Western Rome had the same mindset. I am curious about something though. Matt, can you do a video on the Plumbata/weighted Throwing darts used by the Romans and others after them in late antiquity/early to mid middle ages? I know virtually nothing about it; unlike the pilum the ancient source materials never speak about its use in-depth. So seeing you live test a Plumbata and similar heavy weighted war darts would be really cool and informative. Im not really sure just how effective Plumbata were, esp on armored or shielded men. The Pilum was fine cause it was so heavy and the way the spearhead and shaft of the spearhead were made, packing a HUGE punch; but even though they were weighted a throwing Dart still isnt gonna have anywhere NEAR that level of impact and armor penetration power. I'm wondering if they were used mainly to harass and inflict minor wounds on the main enemy forces(esp cavalry; they wouldve had longer range than the pila but far too and much faster to both throw and faster in missile speed once thrown) or if they were mainly meant to be used against unarmored people? Theres also other kinds of hand held throwing weapons that were not bows that the late Romans(and the medieval people) used for hundreds of years. I wanna see something on those weapons at some point. A video demonstrating the francisca throwing axe against shields would be cool as well.
@Intranetusa
3 жыл бұрын
In M.C. Bishop's more recent works as "The Pilum: The Roman Heavy Javelin," he attributes the bent pila to several situations: 1) Improper removal techniques that applied too much lateral force to a stuck pilum in trying to wiggle it out, 2) people trampling on the pilum stuck to the ground to get it out of the way when marching through a field of pila and/or 3) the pilum hitting something hard (eg. a rock) that causes the tip to bend. For #1 and #2, he discovered that there were pila where multiple points were bent, so it was more likely due to intentional bending or human intervention after it was thrown. www.scribd.com/book/350490940/The-Pilum-The-Roman-Heavy-Javelin
@colinmacaoidh9583
3 жыл бұрын
I've generally wondered if the bent pila were from the charging Roman soldiers actively stomping down on the pilum hafts to force a shield out of position
@b.h.abbott-motley2427
3 жыл бұрын
The penetration in 1.5mm mild steel suggest the pilum is delivering around 100 J to the target, plus whatever is lost in moving & deforming it. It's quite similar to what folks have managed via pollaxe & other polearm thrusts into steel plate. It makes me wonder how different the results would be with a full run-up throw, as there's some evidence people can manage 300-400 J with 4-5lb spears thrown in that fashion. & of course the best Olympic javelin throwers can do 360 J with the light javelins when hurled with a full run. Also note that a Byzantine source from the 10th century or earlier stresses the importance of padding under armor. I recall that from Sowing the Dragon's Teeth.
@oisnowy5368
3 жыл бұрын
Interesting Shadowraids walkthrough. One thing I'm curious about ... how well would a pilum be if you were to use it like a regular spear/pole arm? Length/reach/durability/etc? ... And another thought: imagine if it goes through the shield and then nestles in the armour behind - you can nail a shield to a person that way. Real nasty.
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
I think using a pilum as a spear is not as good as a genuine polearm, but at least as good as a rifle with bayonet. :D
@NorthernXY
3 жыл бұрын
@@shorewall I've read accounts, think Caesar, of legions using their pilae when being charged by cavalry when in a pinch.
@stevenkobb156
3 жыл бұрын
Nice one Matt, thanks. And of course, the armour is doubled up where the plates overlap. This one gave you a nice workout. You should get Todd to make armour for your cat.
@78my9
3 жыл бұрын
@29:26, Cat Easton 😁
@DaRougaroux1
3 жыл бұрын
I think a nice experiment would be to heat treat the tip. Take a regular torch or hot coals and get it red hot and quench the tip in oil (or water) and then anneal it or temper it and do it again. Since the tip will be harder than the mild steel, I would like to see what happens with a tempered tip on the pilum.
@gadlicht4627
3 жыл бұрын
So a basic principle of stability for rocket and projectile is to have center of mass as far away from center of pressure (kind of like center of forces of friction) The pilum by having a heavy long thing rod of metal probably shifts it’s center mass forward and pressure back making it more stable Look up pendulum rocket fallacy for more info If you chunks of pilum you could figure out how much it shifts center of mass forward Or you could make short stompy one or one with different weight distribution or thicker head on front and do stability test on wind or see how easy to aim I think even slight stability benefit may be huge help with wind or if you throw and are under pressure so you can’t aim etc as well
@anthonyclark9004
2 жыл бұрын
Both ends of that curved plate, with their sharp corners, are going to dig in and brace the plate against the target behind it allowing more of the force to focus on the plate. In normal use, the plates of the lorica segmentata, over a garment and a body, with give in joints partially composed of leather cord, may not lose their form as much, excluding the deformations caused at the point of impact.
@tasatort9778
3 жыл бұрын
Haven't watched yet; but I'll say it will do well against shields and mail, but less well against plate.
@Zaeyrus
3 жыл бұрын
pilum vs armour. finally! cheers mate :)
@Intranetusa
3 жыл бұрын
Thegnthrand also has a video on one type of Roman pilum vs armor similar to what the Romans would have used (tests against both historically corrected riveted chainmail and not historically correct butted chainmail).
@Fedorchik1536
3 жыл бұрын
Matt: Our sponsor... Me (in the voice of Graham Chapman): I don't like SPAM!
@jacobpahl972
3 жыл бұрын
Well I mean the pilum might not go through the steel plate. I still think if it hits you dead on in the chest, it would take you out of the fight. That would break ribs not the wind out of you even might knock you straight to the ground. Could even do some severe internal damage.
@sawyere2496
2 жыл бұрын
It likely would not feel very nice.
@jonc2914
Жыл бұрын
In reality though, that would almlst never happen... there is a scutum
@appa609
3 жыл бұрын
Worth saying: The amount of design difference it would take to make it penetrate the whole length of the shaft is not much. Basically the requirement is just that the cross section of the head fully includes the cross section of every part of the shaft. If they made the shaft constant diameter instead of tapered, it would have gone 2 feet in because once the head was through there would be no more resistance.
@DerrillGuilbert
3 жыл бұрын
Wikipedia says the lorica segmentata was mild steel on the outside and iron on the inside. It says they packed vegetation against the outside and heated it. So maybe this test is more accurate than you thought.
@ArcherWarhound
3 жыл бұрын
Your curved plate test was certainly helpful, and I think mild steel vs mild steel is a fair enough analogue to the iron verse iron of the past, but it could be more informative if it was more accurate to historical *context* in that the actual plates of armor would be supported a bit by each other as they overlapped and all would be supported by the body underneath which would yield some but not nearly as much as the empty air behind your curved plate resting on the target. What you need it to strike the center/middle plate out of 3 overlapping ones, all of which are protecting a leg of lamb or a pig haunch. Then we could really see how much damage was done to the plates and the flesh underneath.
@NotDumbassable
3 жыл бұрын
One thing that we shouldn´t forget is that such a target is way more standfast than a human. Even with the Pilum having enough energy to penetrate mail, wouldn´t a human give way? I mean, for the full force of the Pilum to actually come to bear, the target would need to have at least the same equivalent mass as the Pilum at the moment of impact. Depending on the point and angle of impact, a target as malleable as a human would either turn or just plain collapse backwards. I guess penetration depended on angle and point of impact and inertia of the target. As for the Segmentata, I do think that, due to its arrayed nature, the impact of a pilum would most likely serve to either bend one or more plates out of shape, potentially jamming the whole array, force its way through/between the overlapping plates or a combination of both.
@cattraknoff
3 жыл бұрын
A hit in the chest with the segmentata on could interfere with breathing or make the armour very uncomfortable just to wear. It would also likely bruise and possibly cause some internal bleeding in the person wearing it from the impact force.
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
It could. It would at least knock you back like a hard punch in the torso. But I think in most cases there would be no lasting damage.
@bookman7409
3 жыл бұрын
@@scholagladiatoria I think it's worth noting that while curved, the lorica band would have been closely supported and thus less able to deform. Both being single plates instead of bands would also tend to skew results. That's not criticism, I respect your work here, but outside eyes and all that good stuff.
@fabiovarra3698
3 жыл бұрын
on the thickness of the lorica segmentata I think an important factor is that the plate of the lorica overlap quite a bit, in particular on the shoulders
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, roughly 50% of the segmentata overlaps. Though it is roughly 1mm iron, whereas I used 1.5mm modern cold-rolled mild steel here. So as mentioned in the video, it does balance out - some parts of the armour might protect better, some areas would definitely protect worse.
@Alefiend
3 жыл бұрын
Cat Easton, Captain of the 2022 UK Olympic Javelin Catching team. :-)
@benlategan3000
3 жыл бұрын
I would like to ask. Would the iron plates have been work hardened? (Cold worked to shape, increasing the hardness)
@stevenkobb156
3 жыл бұрын
Awesome job. Yes, penetration by the weighty pilum is physics. Momentum = Mass x Velocity So you could use a radar gun to find the velocity (or speed) of your pilum and arrows, weigh them, and calculate precisely whether a specific arrow and bow will have more or less momentum (and therefore better penetration) than any particular pilum. It would be interesting to test different bows, longbows, crossbows, and pila. But of course, the tip of the weapon also affects penetration, so my idea doesn't sound so great after all 🤣😂. Nothing can take the place of careful practical testing. Thanks for sharing your awesome knowledge.
@DoubtX
3 жыл бұрын
29:48 Me after every tinder date.
@lukacvitkovic8550
3 жыл бұрын
Legend!
@captainharris8980
3 жыл бұрын
13:49 I can't imagine why anyone would think that simple chain mail would stop a Roman pilum in the least.
@sirwi11iam
3 жыл бұрын
Oscar is a beaut! Good vid.
@andyventures6574
3 жыл бұрын
Need to factor in the fact that pilum was mostly used against charging opponents.... Their forward speed will add to the effectiveness (smithsonian channel did a small piece on this)
@bobboberson6664
3 жыл бұрын
Yep just saw it!
@seanheath4492
3 жыл бұрын
Might be interesting to include the numbers for how much energy is in one of those thrown pila (assuming that hasn't happened earlier in the series and I just missed/forgot it).
@animalxINSTINCT89
3 жыл бұрын
Can we PLEASE start a gofundme to get Oscar a little brigandine?!
@madao7865
3 жыл бұрын
He's got the most dangerous job on the channel
@notimportant4268
3 жыл бұрын
I think Oscar the Battle Kitty has a nice ring to it... Summons up images of the Redwall series by Brian Jacques...
@ryann5247
Жыл бұрын
Based on how they would have shaped the armor plates at that time, the steel or iron would have work hardened significantly. That. This is also the reason the Greeks took the time to work muscle shapes into their cuirasses. Apart from decoration, the repeated hitting and stretching of the metal with a hammer makes it very hard compared to the raw material
@davidbarrass
3 жыл бұрын
Pilae if the middle imperial period often had a lead weight at the top of the shaft, just below the swelling. Presumably that would increase the penetration
@wyrmseyeview26
3 жыл бұрын
I would imagine that even though the penetration on the plates might only result in a relatively light wound, the percussive impact would have an effect too. The archery target took a pounding and it's not hard to imagine a man in armour being knocked flat by the impact. Whether wounded or not that's going to have a big effect on an enemy formation and at close range leaves him vulnerable for you to close in with gladius before he can fully recover.
@NorthernXY
3 жыл бұрын
The pilum wasn't designed to bend. The lead shaft is heavier and was smaller in diameter so it didn't cause friction and get stuck like normal spears with their thicker wooden shafts inches from the flat spear point. The flat blade tips penetrated, but then the thicker, round shaft had to create a larger hole to continue through, causing friction. Once the the pilum pyramid tip punched a bigger hole than the lead shaft, it would continue on through without friction. Educated historians aren't very smart because as a scientist this has always been obvious to me.
@NorthernXY
3 жыл бұрын
@Badger0fDeath It was made from different materials over time, but historians always say "lead so it could bend". Decided to just argue one point but you are correct.
@stekarknugen9258
3 жыл бұрын
How many people the Romans fought would even have plate armor? Some rich Greek hoplites? Maybe Carthaginian elite infantry, pretty sure north of the Alps its chain-mail all the way.
@johnspettell1853
3 жыл бұрын
The Romans fought Romans through much of the first century b.c, then during the year of the four emperors, and from Septimius Severus up through Diocletian non-stop.
@ArmouredProductions
3 жыл бұрын
Civil Wars mostly.
@stekarknugen9258
3 жыл бұрын
@@johnspettell1853 but Romans also wore mostly chain-mail
@RockmeHellsing
3 жыл бұрын
Can we all agree, there is no Poiunt in testing Mail without a Gambeson underneath? Because on a stiff surface with no padding , everyone can penetrate Mail. Not that i don´t love nyour Videos (what i do) but i think all tests must be as good and accurate as possible.
@Olav_Hansen
3 жыл бұрын
So I've been trying to make a semi accurate lorica segmentata, and what I noticed is that the entire torso area (excluding neck and shoulders) is a subtle overlap of the plates. Because of this, I think that that entire section of the torso will not/barely hinder movement after being hit. The shoulders however, do have quite some overlap of plates, which might limit bending a bit, but can also result in getting a bit entangled. Still, there is an amazing amount the armor can bend before you will be unable to thrust. It might bend so that it creates weakspots, but not having a wound from a pilum would be a blessing in itself, and I imagine stopping the weapon you have seen many enemies being felled by would give a morale boost in battle, and likewise a morale penalty for the enemy. The armor would be at its weakest when being thrust from below, but close quarters is where no enemy force wanted to meet the romans. Honestly, seeing the stopping power against piercing weapons in a time where spears are the most prevalent weapon, it's admirable. It's biggest weakness seams to be upwards thrusts, and possibly a sword cut in the middle might catch the lacing, but neither are the most prevalent threat on the battlefield. There's also a partly exposed neck, but I have yet to see roman era armor with more then a little chain in the neck.
@sumedhdhoni8666
3 жыл бұрын
When he said "they call it chainmail these days", it felt as though Matt had been living for 1000 year.
@Glimmlampe1982
3 жыл бұрын
About shields,.. I wonder if plank shields might be better against the pilum than plywood. If backed up with rawhide both sides. Plywood is stiff horizontally and vertically, so the only option for it to break is a hole. Planks, as you said split. But with a flexible backing, like rawhide, it might, after splitting, be pressed together again. More effectively slowing down the arrow or shaft.
@MrCearl
3 жыл бұрын
Makes you wonder if the widespread usage of these long-shanked javelins encouraged the gradual abandonment of scutum shields seen in the early Empire for lighter more wieldy round shields of Late Antiquity which in loose formation could be used to deflect missiles.
@mangalores-x_x
3 жыл бұрын
what makes you think the usage pattern changed? Most cultures already had such javelins in the Republican period...
@MrCearl
3 жыл бұрын
@@mangalores-x_x While the Republican legion certainly utilised these javelins the size/organisation of the Roman army reached its peak during the Imperial Period which is where we gradually see the replacement of pilum/gladius/scutum with hasta/spatha/round shield as the standard armament of the infantryman by the time of Vegetius. We can only speculate what factors triggered these changes.
@nickstart2299
3 жыл бұрын
Just want to point out the tensile difference between 1.5 and 1.1mm steel is immense, its nearly 40% thicker.
@neutronalchemist3241
3 жыл бұрын
Considering that a Roman lorica segmentata tended to be 1.0-1.1mm wrough iron, and the pilum's point was at least mild steel heat threatened, it would have probably passed trough.
@sonichog
3 жыл бұрын
It's your Boi, RAID SHADOW LEGENDS!
@ChumblesMumbles
3 жыл бұрын
at 29:27 Cat Easton makes an appearance!!
@culture-nature-mobility7867
3 жыл бұрын
"There's an interesting POINT here..."
@REALdavidmiscarriage
Жыл бұрын
Matt please dont forget to do this with hardened steel pilum heads!
@Dejawolfs
3 жыл бұрын
couple of things about the lorica tests.. #1 the plates overlap. which means instead of 1mm, it would be 2mm where the plates overlap. this reduces deformation. #2 the body is not flat, so would support the segments such that they would deform less. #3 the plates which do not overlap, would have rolled, or brass edges, which would dramatically stiffen the shape of the plates.
@scholagladiatoria
3 жыл бұрын
The plates do overlap, but not 100% of each plate. The torso plates only overlap at the edges - the middles of them are still one sheet of steel with no overlap. So if the plates were 1mm, then you'd have a roughly 50/50 chance of either hitting 1mm of iron, or 2mm of iron. And that's slaggy Roman iron, not modern cold-rolled mild steel.
@backblaise1255
3 жыл бұрын
The feared Lares Felis Oscarus stopped everything at 29:30.
@christopherhill6998
3 жыл бұрын
Maybe you could have Tod hammer you out one piece of iron plate, 1mm thick? Thanks for the video, we really do learn a lot from these!
@kazeshi2
3 жыл бұрын
forge your own iron plates. if you can get some bog iron or old iron ore from a roman era mine its not too terribly difficult to refine it in a bloomery which you can work on with a charcoal pit. ust keep working it until its fairly clean, you can then forge weld it together and hammer thin. It wont necessarily be a better test than this but it could be fun anyway.
@bo_392
3 жыл бұрын
THAT is how you do monetization (though a bit long). Well done!
@fleurdelispens
3 жыл бұрын
Another thought I had about the pila is that those things have got to be expensive to make for a consumable weapon. That's a good deal of iron and it has to be at least good iron. Really slaggy impure iron could potentially break in transport. Makes me wonder if the sheer materials cost is why no one else really used it
@shorewall
3 жыл бұрын
Definitely. The real strength of the Roman Empire was their economy and logistics.
@jonc2914
Жыл бұрын
@@shorewall exactly. Economy of scale wins. The romans werent really equipped any better than your typical celt who had money for gear. Roman hamata, gladius,, pugio and pila were all iberian celt inventions
@Cleanpea
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making this video :) I would not mind seeing pila vs modern body armor, in a future test.
@RobertSmith-im4md
3 жыл бұрын
Drop it from 32 ft. On the shield set at 45 deg. angle. 🤔
@ecpgieicg
3 жыл бұрын
It's interesting how there may be a parallel between modern armor piercing (APFSD) rounds and the Roman pilum. Modern tanks (e.g. Leopard 2A5) would use a layer of armor to disrupt the trajectory of incoming APFSD projectile so that its main armor can defeat the projectile. In order to get around this technique, the projectile can be lengthened so that the tip can impact the main armor while the rear part of the projectile is still penetrating the first layer. (This counter technique is in turn limited by the reality of sizes of tank parts.) That's quite like using a lengthened shaft to penetrate a shield while still hurting the person behind.
@sebotto5149
3 жыл бұрын
The metal of the plate is deformed towards the wound. Even if the armor is still functional fighting would be painfull.
@bo_392
3 жыл бұрын
so you're suggesting pilum weren't meant against shields, but to obliterate the first 2 ranks of enemy lines before immediately engaging. love it.
@ieuanhunt552
3 жыл бұрын
You wouldn't need to kill anyone in the first row to break up the formation and disrupt unit cohesion.
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