Sargassum fish float on top of the water due to the presence of small gas-filled bladders called pneumatocysts. These pneumatocysts are located throughout their bodies and are filled with oxygen, which makes them buoyant. The pneumatocysts also help the sargassum fish to camouflage themselves among the sargassum seaweed, which also has pneumatocysts.
In addition to pneumatocysts, sargassum fish have several other adaptations that help them to float. Their bodies are relatively light, and their fins are large and fan-shaped, which helps to create lift. They also have a modified pectoral fin that acts as a paddle, which they can use to propel themselves through the water.
Floating is important for sargassum fish because it allows them to stay near the water's surface, with more light and oxygen. It also helps them to avoid predators, as they can blend in with the sargassum seaweed.
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