Singapore -officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia
It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula
The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by approximately 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects
Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the common language, with exclusive use in numerous public services
Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics
HISTORY
Singapore's history dates back at least eight hundred years, having been a maritime emporium known as Temasek and subsequently a major constituent part of several successive thalassocratic empires
CONTEMPORARY ERA began in 1819, when Stamford Raffles established Singapore as an entrepôt trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements
WORLD WAR II-Singapore was occupied by Japan in 1942 and returned to British control as a separate Crown colony following Japan's surrender in 1945
SELF GOVERNANCE-Singapore gained self-governance in 1959 and, in 1963, became part of the new federation of Malaysia, alongside Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak
SOVEREIGN COUNTRY-Ideological differences led to Singapore's expulsion from the federation two years later; Singapore became an independent sovereign country in 1965
SINGAPORE-A HIGHLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY with one of the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world
SINGAPORE-AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE
Identified as a tax haven-It is a major aviation, financial, and maritime shipping hub
Singapore is a parliamentary republic in the Westminster tradition of unicameral parliamentary government, and its legal system is based on common law
The President is the head of state and the governance of Singapore is separated into three branches-Executive, legislature and Judiciary
SINGAPORE-NAME
The English name of "Singapore" is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura (pronounced [siŋapura]), which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for 'lion city' (Sanskrit: सिंहपुर- literally "lion city"; siṃha means 'lion', pura means 'city' or 'fortress')
Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965 with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively
As one of the five founding members of ASEAN and member of many international organizations
Singapore has a highly developed market economy, based historically on extended entrepôt trade
GEOGRAPHY AND LAND RECLAMATION PROJECTS
Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong
Land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area from 580 km2 (220 sq mi) in the 1960s to 710 km2 (270 sq mi) by 2015, an increase of some 22% (130 km2)
The country is projected to reclaim another 56 km2 (20 sq mi)
Singapore switched from sand to using polders for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry
Singapore's public transport network is shaped up with trains (consisting of the MRT and LRT systems), buses and taxis
The Johor-Singapore Causeway (connecting Singapore with Johor Bahru, Malaysia) is the busiest international land border crossing in the world
AIR AND AVIATION
Singapore is a major international transport hub in Asia, serving some of the busiest sea and air trade routes
Changi Airport is an aviation centre for Southeast Asia and a stopover on Qantas' Kangaroo Route between Sydney and London
Singapore Airlines, which is the flag carrier of Singapore has been regarded as a 5-star airline by Skytrax
Singapore Sea port is the world's second-busiest, behind Shanghai, in terms of cargo tonnage
SINGAPORE-A FINANCIAL POWERHOUSE
Singapore is the world's 3rd-largest foreign exchange centre, 6th-largest financial centre
Tourism is a major industry and contributor to the Singaporean economy
CULTURE & DIVERSITY
Despite its small size, Singapore has a diversity of languages, religions, and cultures
The government also places a heavy emphasis on meritocracy, where one is judged based on one's ability
The national flower of Singapore is the hybrid orchid, Vanda 'Miss Joaquim'
The Esplanade is Singapore's largest performing arts centre
CHEAPEST MICHELIN STAR RESTAURANTS
The largest hawker centre is located on the second floor of Chinatown Complex, and contains over 200 stalls
The complex is also home to the cheapest Michelin-starred meal in the world - a plate of soya-sauce chicken rice or noodles for S$2 (US$1.50)
Two street food stalls in the city are the first in the world to be awarded a Michelin star, obtaining a single star each
Негізгі бет SINGAPORE 11 JEWEL CHANGI AIRPORT
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