#ushaouïa_tv #nightingale #Singing #nature #صوت_العندليب# الحسون
المواطن
منتشر بكثرة في أوروبا وآسيا وشمال أفريقيا.
الشكل والغناء
طول جسمه يتراوح بين 15 إلى 16.5 سم وهو ذو بطن لونه بني فاتح أو رمادي, ظهره بني وذنبه بني يميل إلى الحمرة. يعيش في التشققات الموجودة في الأبنية. ويقوم ببناء عشه من القش. وتبيض أنثاه العديد من البيض. ويتغذى على الحشرات كالديدان وعلى الحبوب.
صوت الذكر مشهور جدا وعال ومتنوع التصفير خاصة في موسم التكاثر. بالرغم من انه يغني طول النهار, فهو يغني بصورة غير عادية بالمساء ويجعل هذا تغريده بارزا لأن القليل من العصافير تلك التي تغني في مثل هذا الوقت. وتشير الأبحاث الأخيرة إلى أن العصافير تغني بصوت أقوى في المناطق المسكونة وخاصة المدن أكثر من غيرها وذلك حتى تتغلب على الضجة.
The common nightingale, rufous nightingale or simply nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), is a small passerine bird best known for its powerful and beautiful song. It was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae.[2] It belongs to a group of more terrestrial species, often called chats.
Etymology
"Nightingale" is derived from "night", and the Old English galan, "to sing".[3][4] The genus name Luscinia is Latin for "nightingale" and megarhynchos is from Ancient Greek megas, "great" and rhunkhos "bill".[5]
Subspecies
western nightingale (L. m. megarhynchos) - Western Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, wintering in tropical Africa
Caucasian nightingale (L. m. africana) - The Caucasus and eastern Turkey to southwestern Iran and Iraq, wintering in East Africa
eastern nightingale (L. m. golzii) - The Aral Sea to Mongolia, wintering in coastal East Africa
Description
Male
Luscinia megarhynchos, Muséum de Toulouse
The common nightingale is slightly larger than the European robin, at 15-16.5 cm (5.9-6.5 in) length. It is plain brown above except for the reddish tail. It is buff to white below. The sexes are similar. The eastern subspecies (L. m. golzi) and the Caucasian subspecies (L. m. africana) have paler upperparts and a stronger face-pattern, including a pale supercilium. The song of the nightingale[6] has been described as one of the most beautiful sounds in nature, inspiring songs, fairy tales, opera, books, and a great deal of poetry.[7]
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Song recorded in Devon, England
Distribution and habitat
It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forest and scrub in Europe and the Palearctic, and wintering in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is not found naturally in the Americas. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia. It nests on or near the ground in dense vegetation. Research in Germany found that favoured breeding habitat of nightingales was defined by a number of geographical factors.[8]
less than 400 m (1300 ft) above mean sea level
mean air temperature during the growing season above 14 °C (57 °F)
more than 20 days/year on which temperatures exceed 25 °C (77 °F)
annual precipitation less than 750 millimetres (30 in)
aridity index lower than 0.35
no closed canopy
In the U.K., the bird is at the northern limit of its range which has contracted in recent years, placing it on the red list for conservation.[9] Despite local efforts to safeguard its favoured coppice and scrub habitat, numbers fell by 53 percent between 1995 and 2008.[10] A survey conducted by the British Trust for Ornithology in 2012 and 2013 recorded some 3,300 territories, with most of these clustered in a few counties in the southeast of England, notably Kent, Essex, Suffolk, and East and West Sussex.[11]
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