TERZA RIMA
Terza rima, Italian verse form consisting of stanzas of three lines (tercets); the first and third lines rhyming with one another and the second rhyming with the first and third of the following tercet. The series ends with a line that rhymes with the second line of the last stanza, so that the rhyme scheme is aba, bcb, cdc, . . ., yzy.
The metre is often iambic pentameter.
Dante, in his Divine Comedy (written c. 1310-14), was the first to use terza rima for a long poem.
After Dante, terza rima was favoured in 14th-century Italy, especially by Petrarch and Boccaccio, and in the 16th century by Ariosto.
It was introduced in England by Sir Thomas Wyatt in the 16th century.
Many 19th-century Romantic poets such as Shelley (“Ode to the West Wind”), Byron, Elizabeth and Robert Browning, and Longfellow experimented with it.
In ‘Ode to the West Wind,’ Shelley creates a speaker who celebrates the wind’s power. This poem makes use of the terza rima pattern throughout the text. Here are a few lines from the beginning of the poem:
"O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed ."
[Notes : c. - written abbreviation for circa (= used before a number or date to show that it is not exact) ]
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