Teutonic Castle, part I.
Człuchów (formerly Polish Słuchów, 1945 Człochów, Kashubian Człuchòwò or also Człochòwò, German Schlochau) - a city located in the Pomeranian Province on Lake Rychnowskie, being the seat of the Człuchów County.
Człuchów is located in the eastern part of Krajna, which does not exist as an independent administrative structure of the territory between Greater Poland and Pomerania. The city is situated between the lakes: Urzędowe, Miejskie Mały, Miejskie Duży and the largest - Rychnowskie, in the northern part of Krajna, 136 km south-west of Gdańsk.
Człuchów was an old Pomeranian settlement, mentioned in the 12th century. It has had city rights since 1348. From 1312 it was owned by the Teutonic Knights, the Grand Master of the Order, brother of Ulrich, Konrad V von Jungingen resided here. The city joined the Prussian Union, at the request of which, in 1454, King Kazimierz IV Jagiellonian announced the incorporation of the region and the city into Poland.
In 1456 it was invaded, but not conquered by the Teutonic Knights, only in 1466 it fell into the hands of the Teutonic Knights, but after a few days it was recaptured by the Poles. In the Peace of Toruń (1466), ending the Thirteen Years' War, the city's return to Poland was confirmed.
The Teutonic Castle in Człuchów was once the second largest and largest Teutonic castle in terms of territory after Malbork. It was the seat of the commander and the Teutonic convent. They resided there, among others Commander Ulrich von Jungingen and Konrad von Wallenrode (1377-1382).
A castle built at the base of a peninsula between two lakes. It consisted of four parts: the High Castle and three outer wards. Each part of the castle was surrounded by a wall of granite boulders and bricks. They were connected by drawbridges over the moats. The castle had 11 gates and 9 towers.
High lock
It was built on a square plan, had four wings, an internal courtyard and a tower in the north-west corner. There were rooms for religious knights and priests, bedrooms, dining rooms and a chapel. The most powerful part and the only one preserved in its entirety is the bergfried tower of the tower. 50 m and a wall thickness of up to 5 m. One entrance led to it, 16 m above the ground (today carved at the base), from the attic of the adjacent wing. In the basement of the tower there were dungeons for prisoners and a well. The tower served as the site of the last resistance of the crew in the event of the capture of the remaining parts of the castle.
Western outer bailey
It was located closest to the city. In its north-west part there was the main entrance to the castle area. It was defended by towers, square in the north-west corner and semicircular in the west face of the wall. It housed stables, guardhouses, an armory, and granaries.
Northern ward
Also called the outer bailey or the middle castle, it was directly related to the High Castle and surrounded by a common wall. It was intended for guardhouses and housing for some of the crew. It connected the other parts of the castle. In the 17th century, the starosts' palace was built on it.
Eastern bailey
It had the largest area. From its north-eastern corner, a gate led to the rest of the peninsula (now the park area). It housed farm buildings.
During the wars with the Order, Polish troops unsuccessfully tried to capture the castle in 1414 and 1433. The castle remained in the hands of the Teutonic Knights until the Thirteen Years' War, when it was captured in 1454 by the royal army.
After fires in 1786 and 1793, which destroyed the wooden buildings of Człuchów, permission was given for the complete demolition of the castle in order to obtain building materials for the reconstruction of the city. The demolition lasted until 1811, when the ordinance appeared. regency for the protection of the castle ruins.
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