The Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite Flare-up is responsible for a large majority of SW Colorado's ore deposits. Including lots of gold, silver, and copper. If you look from satellite, you can still see the La Garita Caldera via the circular depression in the ground around Creede, CO. It would have been a "fun" type to be a volcanologist back then, 25+ million years ago when CA, NM, UT, AZ, and NV had an absurd number of volcanic activity, far surpassing levels witnessed in modern day Indonesia. Another fun remnant supervolcano you can look in (not the Wheeler Geologic Area, although it is also fun) is the Chiricahua National Monument. It has 900 ft thick ignimbrite pillars which tower several hundred feet above the landscape and are still exposed. It is a national monument which honestly deserves and might soon get National Park status. Also did I mention that it also has a population of ocelots? You read that correctly, and it is in Arizona.
@letumpeek
Жыл бұрын
Make a video for us
@MeargleSchmeargle
Жыл бұрын
@Atlas del Pasado Well, he did make videos on a number of the supereruptions this ignimbrite flareup produced, so it isn't *too* surprising.
@letumpeek
Жыл бұрын
@Atlas del Pasado let him make another one, the content must go on.
Still need to find out about antarctica/southern hemi land masses, sea lvls 15 - 20 thousand yrs ago ;D
@mellissadalby1402
Жыл бұрын
You folks at Eons really do a great job.
@YetiUprising
Жыл бұрын
4:45 except for that over the phone line.
@MossyMozart
Жыл бұрын
@@YetiUprising - Come again?
@LSOP-
Жыл бұрын
Except for the awful shorts.
@MaskofAgamemnon
Жыл бұрын
Hear hear!
@MaskofAgamemnon
Жыл бұрын
@@YetiUprising ingrates
@veggieboyultimate
Жыл бұрын
This is why i love pbs eons, I never heard of this mid tertiary Ignimbrite flareup before until now. You can never learn too much.
@a_e_hilton
Жыл бұрын
The Mt St Helens animals literally sleeping through a volcano eruption is a mood ngl
@Mayla41400
Жыл бұрын
..."yall hear sumn?"
@donhillsmanii5906
Жыл бұрын
@@Mayla41400 “nah mane, I farted”
@Quazi-Moto
Жыл бұрын
A 'mood'? I've not heard the word used in that way, and the dictionaries I looked at didn't help. Can you explain, please?
@a_e_hilton
Жыл бұрын
@@Quazi-Moto "this is a mood" = "I relate to this" Glad to help you discover new slang!
@cogitoergosum9069
Жыл бұрын
@@Quazi-Moto _mood_ can also mean something along the same lines as _vibe_
@terramater
Жыл бұрын
It's fascinating to see how species recover after the eruption. Our crew managed to film a unique phenomenon happening in the volcanic caves of Mount Elgon. Elephants have learned to mine a network of hidden caves for salt and mineral deposits. We follow them deep inside the extinct volcano to learn more about this incredible behaviour, and it's so interesting!
@slothytoves
Жыл бұрын
The Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite Flare-up was also a great 70's rock band.
@richardhinshaw2116
Жыл бұрын
Their Biography was ghost written by one of my favorite authors; Burgess Shale.
@pokeylope6108
Жыл бұрын
Okay Randall and the Kosmographia Gang lol...
@patreekotime4578
Жыл бұрын
@@richardhinshaw2116 He definitely did a great job at preserving the details!
@NotFlappy12
Жыл бұрын
hehe... rock.
@Mr.Beauregarde
Жыл бұрын
Ha. Rock band. You must slate at parent teacher conferences
@MaskofAgamemnon
Жыл бұрын
8:19 Thank you for hitting the "Uhh" this time. ❤️ Jeff Goldblum would be proud.
@l.a.gothro3999
Жыл бұрын
My late dad is with whom I watched PBS as a kid back in the 1970s, and he would've *loved* Eons! Thanks for doing such a great job.
@joemeyers4131
Жыл бұрын
In that sense I'm generally from your fathers generation ..little boy by 1970 and teen by 78 ..growing up in Urban LA County in CA .
@l.a.gothro3999
Жыл бұрын
@@joemeyers4131 I was the little kid (b. 1964); I watched PBS with my dad (b. 1923 - d. 1996).
@xyzpdq1122
Жыл бұрын
“They don’t just gently puke out lava”. Callie, you are a true poet 😂❤
@beepboop204
Жыл бұрын
why did the lava spill out everywhere? because they couldnt get to the "lavatory"
@watcher805
Жыл бұрын
"ITS HAPPENING *AGAIN*"
@Quazi-Moto
Жыл бұрын
I had to rewind to make sure I heard what I thought I heard. I did. She actually said "puked." hehe
@benjaminzalisko3807
Жыл бұрын
My dad was one of the herpetologists studying St Helen's survivors, so I bet they referenced his paper. Cool that it's finding eyes 34yr later!
@rodchallis8031
Жыл бұрын
"Mama, don't let your babies grow up to be a non sinking Farallon Plate that becomes Ignimbrite."
@MickeyMallone.
Жыл бұрын
I tried singing this, but I can hear Ed, Patsy, Waylon, and Willie crying over how badly it went.
@chungiemusic
4 ай бұрын
Wtf 😂
@RecklawTheAmazing
Жыл бұрын
I think the fact that life didn't care about these freaking supervolcanoes puts the other mass extinctions into perspective
@dralord1307
Жыл бұрын
there is a ton of missing info in this video. Dont take it too seriously
@snypr5276
Жыл бұрын
@@dralord1307 Aight cough up the missing info bossman
@dralord1307
Жыл бұрын
@@snypr5276 1 example. They dont talk at all about the bone growth disease caused by inhaling volcanic ash or drinking water with volcanic ash.
@snypr5276
Жыл бұрын
@@dralord1307 Probably because it wasn't relevant to the overall point of the video. Life survived.
@dralord1307
Жыл бұрын
@@snypr5276 ok then the KPG and the death of most animals doesnt matter because life survived
@wyvern723
Жыл бұрын
The way the area around Mount Saint Helens came back after the eruption was mine boggling. That being said, I remember my sixth grade teacher talking about still getting ash out of his gutter a decade after the eruption.
@NawDawgTheRazor
Жыл бұрын
I was always curious about this largest of super-eruptions. It’s amazing how even the most devastatingly energetic disasters are still just part of the circle of life.
@AvangionQ
Жыл бұрын
1:00 That image shows a series of supervolcanic eruptions in north-central Mexico which were substantially larger than the Yellowstone chain ... that I haven't even heard of.
@MeargleSchmeargle
Жыл бұрын
Funny, I did a presentation on this for my geology course last semester in college, and nobody else had heard of it prior to my presentation. I would have loved to see a mention of slab rollback and how it significantly lowered the pressure on the underlying mantle to cause decompression melting, though I guess that's just the GeologyHub fan in me showing.
@seanthorntonmd3908
Жыл бұрын
Agreed. The tectonic sequence depicted (shallow Farallon plate subduction) may not be correct. Mantel tomography finds no evidence to support this (search Karin Sigloch).
@j.f.fisher5318
Жыл бұрын
Wow, I'd never heard of that period. As a kid a science overview book listed supervolanos in axway that suggested they were associated with a past era, but as I learned more I assumed that was just because no supervolcanos had happened for a while. I had no idea there was kind of an era of supervolcanos. Wow!
@vesawuoristo4162
Жыл бұрын
Geological time is so vast that it is not easy to comprehend
@evilsharkey8954
Жыл бұрын
A lot of ash also just falls from the sky and builds up like nasty, scratchy snow. It’s not as sticky as snow, though, so it can blow off of things like leaves, allowing trees to still see the light as long as they’re not completely buried.
@ewoksalot
Жыл бұрын
I have photos of myself with MtStHelens (Loowit) erupting behind me. I have lived in the shadow of Mt.Rainier (Tahoma). I can see Mt.Hood (Wy'East) from my driveway now. The volcanos of North America will never cease to amaze me. Native lands recognition: Cowlitz Tribe.
@jbennett3578
Жыл бұрын
This was a great video for me. I'm camped at the eastern edge of these ignimbrite deposits. Most of the hills around me are (if I'm reading the geologic maps correctly) part of the Carpenter Ridge Tuff, but there are some exposures of the Fish Canyon Tuff here too. In fact, I have a chunk of the Fish Canyon Tuff sitting by my keyboard right now. Not the prettiest rock I've ever seen, but it's real interesting to hold part of a 28 million year old pyroclastic flow. I'm a sub-academic geology fan, so I've been trying to understand the landscape here, and this video filled in some of the gaps, like how the Farallon Plate's behavior led to this period of volcanism. Good job, PBS Eons!
@theobserver9066
Жыл бұрын
This can be just a video about the ancient volcanoes of North America, but Eons made it more impactful with this approach.
@zacharytolbart5215
Жыл бұрын
There is a really nice fossil site in Northern Nebraska called Ash Falls, went there for the first time in 20 years a couple of years ago and it's impressive how much is still being uncovered!
@larissakenney6461
Жыл бұрын
One of their videos mention Ash Falls. It was really neat
@Circe-nx5zs
Жыл бұрын
Interestingly, the subduction of the Farallon plate also led to the formation of the Yellowstone Hotspot. According to Zhou et al. 2018, the Yellowstone hotspot formed because remnants of the Farallon plate got stuck under the North American Plate.
@LimeyLassen
Жыл бұрын
My takeaway from this is that suburbs and strip malls are more hostile to life than any volcano
@whistlingglasses8758
Жыл бұрын
Thanks to the whole production team ❤❤❤
@mfaizsyahmi
Жыл бұрын
Archaeology and Geology intertwined in a video. This is one of my favourite Eons video.
@mandobob
Жыл бұрын
I believe you mean paleontology the study of ancient life (which is under the umbrella of Geology) and not archeology which is the study of past human culture. There we no humans in this time period (40 to 20 million years before present).
@danesorensen1775
Жыл бұрын
"Storm Cloud of Fire" is also my new Power Metal album.
@matthewcox7985
Жыл бұрын
Go for heavy metal, and name the band Actinide Series. 🤘
@Pfhorrest
Жыл бұрын
The meeting place for the plates isn't always out in the ocean. I live on the Pacific coast of North America, but also on the Pacific plate itself, as do most Southern Californians, because the southern coast of California was an island formed from the mid-oceanic ridge between the growing Pacific plate and the ancient Farallon plate, most of which is now subducted beneath the Americas, except for fragments like the tiny Juan de Fuca, Explorer, Gorda, Cocos, and Nazca Plates along their western coasts.
@jamesredmond7001
Жыл бұрын
Makes you wonder if there are any fossil deposits from that area's time as an island, given how weird insular ecosystems can get, I'd guess there'd be a *lot* of weird species to uncover if their deposits survived to the present day.
@joemeyers4131
Жыл бұрын
The Mojave and the Morongo basin with surrounding regions said to be formed into more land by accretting or spell accretion is the word I'm meaning to say ..supposedly the lands and crust there stretched . Living by it one can see all those long old splintered and shattered rocks and eroded to forms and boulders too with growing lower mountains around .. pegmatites seen around wherever nearby in the general area . This is about in the vicinity of Joshua Tree NP .
@joemeyers4131
Жыл бұрын
@@jamesredmond7001 possibly look up fossil breadfruit like in that way generally as tropics like Polynesia now !
@comparatorclock
Жыл бұрын
Southern California once was an island? No wonder you guys down there act more like Hawai'i than the rest of the continent 🙃🙃🙃
@joemeyers4131
Жыл бұрын
@@comparatorclock In the SoCal deserts we have a lot of sand ..but no water , although the squirrels are hula dancers .
@inserthere2118
Жыл бұрын
My brother took his life recently and y'all's videos have really help distract from it. Thanks for doing what you do.
@WAMTAT
Жыл бұрын
I'm sorry for your loss
@martijn9568
Жыл бұрын
My condolences to you and your family Micah.
@Backinblackbunny009
Жыл бұрын
We're all dumb the edge anymore. Things just feel bad
@nyghtmoon
Жыл бұрын
Sorry for your loss. May his memory be a blessing
@keepmoving1185
Жыл бұрын
Sorry for your loss
@muxpux
Жыл бұрын
It’s one of the things we like to point out at Mt St Helens. The time of year helped the animals. There was lots of snowpack and ice still, so many animals were underground, and protected by a deep layer of snow. It didn’t save them all, but definitely helped. Also, the animals that did survive helped the plant life recover. Pocket gophers helped bring good soil to the surface, and big game like elk left hoof prints that made areas for seeds being blown by the wind to collect in and take root. The ecosystem around the mountain is thriving, for as much as it’s associated with devastation.
@johnwalters1341
5 ай бұрын
...In May??
@muxpux
5 ай бұрын
@@johnwalters1341 yep. In May. Especially on the north facing slopes. Not only were they shielded from the blast because of the topography, but the north slopes take longer to melt out because they get less sun.
@persjofors2586
Жыл бұрын
Love how you use metrics. After almost 30 years in the US, I still need to translate most imperial measurements into metrics to make them understandable.
@valiroime
Жыл бұрын
Too bad they didn’t translate for the metricly impaired in the audience.
@kuromyou7969
Жыл бұрын
Even if you're used to metrics, meters per second isn't that meaningful tbh. Like, in imperial, feet per second isn't typically used for velocity. So, 200 m/s is 720 kph or 447mph.
@zackakai5173
Жыл бұрын
@@valiroime I'm kind of glad they don't. Gives people an incentive to at least *try.* It's not a terribly complicated system (easier than imperial, certainly)
@LJO_Hurts_Pianos
Жыл бұрын
@@zackakai5173 I agree. I live in the U.S. and am doing my best to apply metric to whatever I'm doing. However, my car's speedometer is the thing I don't dare touch -- I really don't want to accidentally do 60 km/h in a 60 mph zone, although it would make me fit in quite well with other drivers where I live, come to think of it...
@wtflmaa7842
Жыл бұрын
@@LJO_Hurts_Pianos No worries, at worst people will honk at you for holding them up if they cannot pass.
@Apollyon1325
Жыл бұрын
I love volcanos. Knowing that their ash can help fertilize the areas they destroy is almost enough to believe in a provincial world.
@joemeyers4131
Жыл бұрын
Hawaii in that way can be the ideal original style of land with volcanic soils around very fertile for some plants like the idealistic old Eden . Like a fresh new pristine and still older some lands .
@paillette2010
Жыл бұрын
What a GREAT episode!!!! 👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏 I’ve been to Mt St Helens, the way live rebounds is amazing.
@johnfyten3392
Жыл бұрын
I wonder if the toads at mount St Helen's went into hibernation after the eruption, or if they instinctively knew it was coming somehow, and went into hibernation beforehand
@A_Moose
Жыл бұрын
It erupted at the end of March, 1980, so they were probably still in their winter hibernation.
@johnfyten3392
Жыл бұрын
@lanehoenig8655 Great point! I somehow didn't think of that lol
@matthewwelsh294
Жыл бұрын
@@A_Moose May actually
@zam6877
Жыл бұрын
I love discovering something completely new and different 😲 This is one of the great joys of this channel😀 Thanks😊
@poulthomas469
Жыл бұрын
3:39 looking at that map what really stands out as out of place? You should do a show on the formation of CA's central valley.
@hannahdawg6829
Жыл бұрын
When I was a kid, I was absolutely terrified of the "Yellowstone supervolcano" because so many of my geology professors were convinced that when I exploded, it would kill us all. I kinda needed this, ngl, reminds me that sometimes scientists can jump to the worst conclusions from just a bit of evidence
@MarkoftheBeastyBoys
Жыл бұрын
Life said to the volcano;"don't give me your ash-itutde"
@danb.709
Жыл бұрын
Quite possibly the best educational science host on KZitem. It's a close race, but the Kallie narrated episodes of eons are fascinating. It's hard to tell if it's in the voice, the writing, or both, but it's really impressive.
@davidt3563
Жыл бұрын
This is so amazing. Thank you for everyone's effort to bring us this content!
@nathancocco5606
Жыл бұрын
This is a perfect blending of geology and biology! I love PBS eons so much and it is my favorite youtube channel. Thank you so much for all the amazing content!
@rickcharlespersonal
Жыл бұрын
I've been fascinated with the geology of the American West since visiting a couple of times within the last few years, such a beautiful landscape carved by tectonic activity and cataclysmic glacial floods. Good to learn the details of the Eocene eruptions. I visited a petrified forest near Woodland Park, Colorado that resulted from one of these ancient eruptions.
@seanmccaul3034
11 ай бұрын
Wow, what a great episode! I live directly adjacent to the rim of the Rosita Hills volcanic complex, so this video was of particular interest. I’d love to see SciShow Rocks do an episode on the Rosita Hills volcanic complex, as apart from publications in the scientific literature, it is difficult to find information about it. Wonderful job as always, PBS Eons! You guys are awesome!
@clivematthews95
Жыл бұрын
I don’t know whether to be terrified or relieved just imagining all that ash 😥 This sounds so horrific, calling it a natural disaster is putting it lightly 😅
@Zaxares
Жыл бұрын
I'm also wondering what would be the best course of action to survive in the event of a pyroclastic supervolcano. XD I guess the best method would be to try and hunker down in the most stable and secure room of your house (ideally near the roof) and then do as the burrowing animals do and dig your way out after the eruption is over and the ash has cooled.
@clivematthews95
Жыл бұрын
@@Zaxares wow you just made me contemplate it for real, I’d definitely need you ‘cause I wouldn’t have thought that, you stand a better chance of surviving this hellish scenario 😄
@Zaxares
Жыл бұрын
@Disabled-Megatron LOL, I definitely do not have the skills or knowledge to live off the land like that. My ideas is just for surviving the initial eruption and immediate aftermath, after which I'd try to evacuate to the nearest town or city that's still functioning. A supervolcano would be pretty devastating, but based on what Eons has said, it alone wouldn't be able to destroy the ENTIRE country. (Would definitely cause huge disruptions and possibly send the economy into freefall though, depending on the scale of the destruction and what regions the volcano and ashfall affected.)
@guyh.4553
6 ай бұрын
I love it when you do these particular videos Callie! Being a native Southern Idahoan and Pacific Northwestern, I've always been fascinated on how our dry high plateaus could be so thick. More specifically like the Yellowstone calderas. Always learn something from you! You rock!
@petercha01
Жыл бұрын
I like how you emphasize the strong resilience of life through adverse conditions. Life endures far more, and is far tougher, than many people give it credit for.
@Googledeservestodie
Жыл бұрын
Life uh, finds a way
@Rockwood1407
Жыл бұрын
Perhaps.... Life finds a way?
@clivematthews95
Жыл бұрын
Mos def! It’s crazy 😭
@patreekotime4578
Жыл бұрын
Life in general is resilient. But humans have directly impacted thousands upon thousands of species in ways that they will very likely not recover from. And if the environment we all share changes enough, then humans themselves may be at risk.
@SeekingTheLoveThatGodMeans7648
8 ай бұрын
@@patreekotime4578 Even with people doing what they do, at the worst in a long view we can expect some things to come out of niches and occupy the mainstream.
@alexr.5389
Жыл бұрын
Imagine sleeping through a super volcano. LOL amphibians rule.
@proximacentaur1654
Жыл бұрын
True say. Mammals are overrated lol.
@cillianwilliamson16
Жыл бұрын
Wutiyatalkinabeet
@proximacentaur1654
Жыл бұрын
@@cillianwilliamson16 dontworryabouteet
@trishapellis
Жыл бұрын
So my question after seeing this video is: What is the difference between these eruptions and the ones that have caused volcanic winters and/or extinction events? If at least 25 of the eruptions of the Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite Flare-up were supervolcanic, and the eruption detailed in the beginning of the video was so much more massive than the Yellowstone eruptions, what causes some eruptions to be so much more catastrophic? Like it's mentioned several times in the video that these eruptions don't produce much lava but primarily produce ash - but as far as I've understood, it's ash that causes volcanic winters by blocking out sunlight and forming excessive rain. Mount Tambora's eruption in 1815 isn't even classified as a supervolcano eruption but it caused several years of cooling and a lot of grief. The Late Antique Little Ice Age lasted four years and caused crop failures and famines as well as exacerbating the Justinian Plague. So did the ash from the ignimbrite eruptions just not get high enough into the atmosphere? Is it a composition thing, where the ash only goes high enough in the atmosphere when it's made up of specific elements? Is the difference between this and the extinction events caused by volcanic activity just a matter of scale, with more volcanoes going off at the same time?
@Lolibeth
Жыл бұрын
Volcanic winters aren't as devastating as people make them out. They're not on the same scale as say, the sun blocking after the KP impact. The LALIA caused crop failures, but everyone in the affected area didn't die. A lot of grief because each life is mourned, but a comparatively low percentage of people died. The population bounced back fairly quickly. And that's populations who are sedentary and dependent on agriculture. Those volcanic winters are barely blips. And what makes a lasting volcanic winter isn't the ash, it's the sulfur ejected into the atmosphere which forms aerosols of sulfuric acid. It's those aerosols that reflect sunlight and cool the temperatures, not the ash. The ash comes back down pretty quickly.
@mikeciulla3952
Жыл бұрын
You are my favorite voice and person on these!
@JonnoPlays
Жыл бұрын
I love PBS! I could watch all day
@alfonsomunoz4424
Жыл бұрын
8:20 Life...uh...finds away. I see what you did there! Dr. Ian Malcolm would be proud.
@rocketGimbal
Жыл бұрын
I always think there is water dripping out of the T-Rex mouth in that title card. 1:46
@TragoudistrosMPH
Жыл бұрын
Lol I will never unsee that 😅 I'm not sure I should thank you lol
@nickhowatson4745
4 ай бұрын
0:02 the horses faces are so over dramatic lmao. the sheer terror they are expressing is unreal
@dishevelleddev
4 ай бұрын
Horses actually look a lot like that when they're scared. Their eyes go all buggy like that.
@nicholasmurt
Жыл бұрын
You got my Like when she said the "uh" in the Ian Malcolm Jurassic Park quote.
@Hobbes303
Жыл бұрын
Hi Kallie, it’s great to see and hear you host another Eons show! I love the work you and everyone else on the channel do, so please keep making more videos!
@wglenbatemanjr9729
Жыл бұрын
I fully second the "great job" compliment by a previous comment, ~11hrs ago. Eons was my 1st vid from.... Complexly?, yes, as do all associates=> great work, great omniscient- bound. ...stuff for investigative minds, from you guys at Eons that led me to finding SciShow. All PBS Studios. Love it like sunshine and hard rock n roll! Thanks and best of wishes EACH - KEEP ON 🌞 KEEPIN' ON! 🤘😎🎸 🎷 ;}~
@charliesmith4072
Жыл бұрын
The opening discussion of the Farallon Plate and the formation of the Rocky Mountains is the "standard" (old) view. Paleomagnetic data suggests a more complex process, including the probability that Farallon was a small continent rather than just a subducting plate, and that the top was sheared off to form part of Western British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Northern California with the oceanic "plate" being folded and sinking down into the mantle, with the northern 2/3 of the Rockies formed in a different process.
@HaHa-gy5vg
Жыл бұрын
Just to clarify, are you referring to Accretion?
@l.a.gothro3999
Жыл бұрын
I'm having flashbacks to my community-college Geology 101 course! Yow!
@TragoudistrosMPH
Жыл бұрын
Eons: 9:25 Earth: Challenge accepted! Eons: No, it wasn't a challenge!!!
@alanmarston8612
Жыл бұрын
YES. It has been so hard to find information on geology in this area. I worked in the field of Oil exportation. The starting point for me was Nick Zenter. He works😄 at CWU in Washinton.
@Aquatarkus96
Жыл бұрын
Go watch some of his recent lectures if you haven't already :) The model we use to explain the formation of the Rockies may soon be updated. The new thinking is that the Farillon Plate is not responsible, but rather a collision between some kind of island arc and the prehistoric N. American plate. Some of the remnants of this arc are hypothesized to sit roughly under New York state.
@jamesabernethy7896
Жыл бұрын
I don't catch all of your videos on release but whether they are long or short they are always awesome. Fascinating, varied, and sometimes a little weird, but that keeps your channel fresh.
@ursaltydog
Жыл бұрын
Imagine though the fossils under the first 10meters at the bottom..
@isakdavis6915
Жыл бұрын
Thanks for including a land acknowledgement at the end of the video. It is really important to recognize the wisdom from the ancestral stewards of the land, especially in North America.
@oscarmedina1303
Жыл бұрын
Fabulous episode. We've been studying this exact subject in my geology class.
@Marble_Sharp840
4 ай бұрын
Thanks a lot Farallon Plate for getting all bent out of shape & going all slab rollback 40 to 25 million years ago on the South West US. Now there's a bunch of double digits miles wide potholes in the form of calderas from California to Colorado.
@gen_zirrir9015
Жыл бұрын
On the subject of subduction, a little thing which most people get wrong is that it is the heat of the mantle that melts the plate. This is not the case, at depths between 70 and 100 km (and again at ~170 km) you will start dehydrating hydrous minerals in the oceanic slab, releasing lots of water in the mantle above the subduction zone. As volatiles such as water get into a system it allows melts to form at "colder" temperatures, thus allowing volcanism. So, while a little of the subducting slab might contribute material to the volcanism, it is not the primary contributor of magmas in the way you guys explain.
@johnslaughter5475
Жыл бұрын
I'm glad you think digging out is so easy. I lived 300 miles downwind of Mt. Saint Helens. That ash was terrible. If you tried to sweep it, it just billowed up into clouds that you had to wait to settle out. The fire department would loan out 50' lengths of hose to wash it off with. All that did was create a horrible gooey mass that was very difficult to move, even with a fire hose, and then it gummed up the city drains. A month of driving was the equivalent of 100,000 miles of wear on engines.
@quillaja
Жыл бұрын
A ground gopher might not have the same difficulties as you and other humans.
@SirNobleIZH
Жыл бұрын
"No matter how much ash Earth throws our way" Permian: am I a joke to you?
@elseby
5 ай бұрын
I love how you all focused on the perspective of the animals and that you acknowledged Native Americans and their story. Thank you for the amazing content. I guess this is why some of the best farming is east of the Rockies and around them.
@3452te
Жыл бұрын
Man, it must've been a crazy sight to see with this ancient supervolcano. Amazing video nonetheless. 😊
@serena-yu
Жыл бұрын
It's actually pretty simple if you are in the US. The volcano of this episode is La Garita in Colorado. It's near a town called Creede, which she also mentioned. Driving around the caldera takes about 1 hour. There are also bigger ones, Long Valley, CA and Wah Wah Springs, UT (the largest single explosive eruption known in Earth's history). Also the famous Yellow Stone that everyone knows. If you are not in the US, then there are more super volcanoes dotted on our planet. You have La Pacana in the Andes of Argentina, Lake Toba in Indonesia, Lake Taupo in New Zealand, and Karymshina and Pauzhetka in Kamchatka, Russia.
@martijn9568
Жыл бұрын
@Serena Yu For Europeans, the bay of Napels is also thought to be a supervulcano.
@serena-yu
Жыл бұрын
@@martijn9568 Known as Campi Flegrei, it's a VEI 7, one grade lower than those major figures. If we lower the threshold to VEI 7, then we will make a long list, which I am too lazy to summarize
@georgeponiris9525
Жыл бұрын
I'm totally loving this fact and reason. A total palate cleanser after keeping up with Tuckwit Carson's shenanigans
@hardland
Жыл бұрын
So beautiful AND inspiring. Thanks.
@andrewosborn1451
7 ай бұрын
I live near Mt St Helens and I can say from first hand experience that there were no ice flows on the lakes near the mountain in May of 1980. It's just not cold enough for that.
@kevinduran9337
Жыл бұрын
You should do a similar video about the valles caldera here in New Mexico! I live here and would really appreciate it. Great video !
@Nightscape_
Жыл бұрын
I love those daily updates on Geology Hub.
@juliekaalaas9071
Жыл бұрын
👏👏👏 Well done PBS Eons on referring to the native lands the fossils were found upon. Thank you!
@entropybentwhistle
Жыл бұрын
Hey, I noticed your Jeff Goldblum moment there.
@scraps7624
Жыл бұрын
Kallie is such a treasure, this channel is incredible
@jenniferlevine5406
Жыл бұрын
Love these video! Facinating science and geology. I especially like how you explain things I feel like I understand. You're presenters are amazing too! Thanks for doing these videos!
@timothypobrien8749
Жыл бұрын
FYI! I came across a red crested male English Sparrow today, over in an ornamental tree by FRANS FURNITURE at EASTLAND SHOPPING CENTER in LEXINGTON KY, 3/11/23! Figured I would share; don't have a photo, nor the time to have inquired in regards to it's average velocity, fully laden.
@timothypobrien8749
Жыл бұрын
Saw it again today, 3/22/2023!
@Sl1f3rDrag0n
Жыл бұрын
"Life finds a way" is such a relevant quote that it's hard not to overuse it
@y__h
Жыл бұрын
The Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite Flare-up, also known as "That time the earth forgot its skincare routine"
@waxwinged_hound
Жыл бұрын
Imagine being a toad going into hibernation in a burrow and then when you wake up the landscape is unrecognizable. The trees are dead, their branches blasted off them, many completely torn from the ground. And everything is covered in a dull grey, powdery ash.
@MrTakaMOSHi
Жыл бұрын
Ignimbrite would be an excellent name for a metal band
@matthewcox7985
Жыл бұрын
Opening for Actinide Series. 🤘😁
@ledlebrgr5380
Жыл бұрын
"How do you have this big, cataclysmic event, and no cataclysm?" Easy, take out the -clysm and you're left with a cat
@beepboop204
Жыл бұрын
why did the lava spill out everywhere? because they couldnt get to the "lavatory"
@j.f.fisher5318
Жыл бұрын
You don't know my cat.
@CAPSLOCKPUNDIT
Жыл бұрын
You make it tuff to keep a straight face. I lahar enough to fall out of my seat!
@matthewcox7985
Жыл бұрын
Who left a clysm on the shelf? The cat knocked it over... Again...
@bigbuffalophill
Жыл бұрын
I love eons. Whenever im tryng to sleep early i start watching eons and then i fall asleep like 5 minutes later. (I dont know why, by hearing people explain stuff at 11 pm puts me to sleep).
@roryfriththetraveller4982
Жыл бұрын
wild! i wanted to go into geology and study volcanoes as a kid and im still really interested now, but ive never heard of Fish Canyon!
@roadkillanonymous4807
10 ай бұрын
…gently puke lava….good Lord that’s a sentence! 😂 Thanks for another excellent video 😊
@Fly420
Жыл бұрын
MUCH BETTER than the usual tectonics/magma lecture. You've worked in Geology, Zoology, and Chemistry. Nevertheless, I'm glad I'm 600 miles from Yellowstone.
@curtisv7114
Жыл бұрын
Love the ending. Such high quality content and love when you have fun with it, read off some jokes, or just do Dr. Evil impressions. Fantastic!!! 10/10!!!
@nathancocco5606
Жыл бұрын
This video is beautifully well made
@jc35334
Жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@user619tlsdca5
3 ай бұрын
I live in the Mira Mesa area of San Diego County, there are many homes or houses using very old, heavy and sizes of being large rocks as part of their landscaping appeal or cosmetics for yard. Them Rocks ARE those large volcanic rocks blasted from volcanoes when erupted. I believe when land developers were building up this area for communities ( 100 years ago in MM ) THEY FOUND MANY OF THEM boulders as some or most of the house builders used them as cosmetics for front yard and in back yards too. My home has 1 sitting or just implanted into the ground of corner of my garage door. Dark red with them bubbly like dentations of a pea and smaller along with exposed layers on 1 side, almost look like its petrified wood or even a fossil head , but it is them boulder bits blasted from volcanoes Centuries ago . Likely the area was scattered with many and deep in the ground as well. Many homes with 3 or 4 Boulders as cosmetic for yard appeal.
@user619tlsdca5
3 ай бұрын
I tried moving that boulder and will not budge, even trying to dig around but the bottom must be tip rounded and longer underneath. It would take a pro to get it out or the big machines.
@airrocker001
Жыл бұрын
Finally Florissant gets some rep!
@lizshoemaker
Жыл бұрын
Why did the Faralon plate take so long to sink?
@NorthForkFisherman
Жыл бұрын
Excellent question. If I had to hazard a guess I'd say it was a combination of the material the plate was made of and temperature? Anyone else have an idea?
@adnannaemaz1989
Жыл бұрын
Because, science, I guess.
@ippbrescia
Жыл бұрын
Thank you for your incredible work, your videos are amazing, and very educating! Ciao from Italia
@chir0pter
Жыл бұрын
1:37 Probably the volcanoes did not spew enough sulfates, and/or emitted enough CO2, that the planet was not plunged into cold and dry snap ice ages, which are what's usually associated with mass extinctions, from the end-Permian, to the end-Cretaceous, and finally the end-Tertiary extinction, although that was more of a slow freeze with many stepwise deteriorations of climate over millions of years, culminating in the Eltanin impact at 2.6mya from which the planet never recovered and began the extreme glacial-interglacial cycle we are still in.
@craigthacker
Жыл бұрын
Always a joy to watch your presentations Kaylie. I look forward to the next instalment.
@alicia1463
Жыл бұрын
I'm really excited for this episode. Post-video edit: I wasn't disappointed. I love the episodes about geology. I'm always surprised with how quickly life can come back after something so catastrophic.
@matthewcox7985
Жыл бұрын
Geology. It Rocks. 😁
@mattwhaley1865
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for this information, I had no clue and definitely am gonna have to check out this geological gems in the near future.
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