The city of secrets of the treasures of the Templars. Aluksne (Marienburg) - Lazberga (Fianden)
Aluksne (Olysta, Alyst, Volist, Marienburg) is located in the north-east of the country near Lake Aluksne. It is known that Finnish-speaking tribes once lived in these places, and from the 8th-12th centuries - Latgalians. Until the 13th century, this was one of the 6 regions in the Atzele lands of the ancient Latgalians. The name of the lake and the city comes from the Latgalian "oluksna" - a source in the forest.
In 1224, Aluksne was subordinate to the Livonian Order.
The first time the name Aluksne (Olysta) was mentioned in the Pskov chronicles was in 1284. During this period, the region crosses an important trade route to Russia.
In 1342, under the leadership of the master of the Livonian Order, Burchard von Dreileben (German: Burchard von Dreileben), a stone castle was built on the island of Lake Aluksne. It was consecrated on the day of the proclamation of Mary - the place was named Marienburg. The castle becomes the main fortification of the order in the east.
Until the 18th century, Marienburg changed its ownership eight times - at different times, along with the Germans, Russians, Swedes, and Poles also rule here.
During the Northern War in 1702 Aluksne was blown up by the Swedes so that the Russians would not get it. Russian troops, under the leadership of Sheremetyev, eventually took the city.
In 1721, after the signing of a peace treaty, (Nishtad Peace), Aluksne region is part of Russia "for eternal times"
In 1750, Aluksne was acquired by Baron Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff, Privy Councilor of the Russian Empire. The baron's family spares no effort and own funds for the improvement of their property - at the end of the 18th century, the beginning of the 19th century, the landscape gardening ensemble of the Aluksne estate was formed. Around this time, the city of Marienburg began to form on the lands of the estate.
In the second half of the 19th century, Aluksne became an important trade center. Its significance especially increases when in 1903 the construction of the Stukmani-Gulbene-Aluksne-Valka narrow-gauge railway takes place.
Aluksne receives city rights in 1920.
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