In 1258, the Mongols sacked Baghdad and executed the Abbasid caliph. Four years later, they were defeated at Ayn Jalut.
So, how can we explain that 40 years later, many Mongol leaders converted to Islam? And that even before the siege of Baghdad, the Khan of the Golden Horde, Berke, had already become a Muslim?
How can we justify that even after his conversion, Khan Ghazan continued to attack Muslim Syria and Egypt, then under Mamluk rule?
And that many authors, with Ibn Taymiyya at the forefront, accused the converted Mongols of retaining polytheistic practices related to Tengrism and Buddhism?
Today, I will explain to you how the process of Mongol Islamization unfolded: from the Golden Horde, through the Ilkhanids and the Chagatai Khanate.
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📚 Bibliographie :
A.C.S Peacock (éd.), Islamisation. Comparative Perspectives from History, Edinburgh University Press, 2017 : Bruno de Nicola, « The role of the domestic sphere in the islamisation of the Mongols », p. 353-376.
Nicola Di Cosmo, Allen J. Frank et Peter B. Golden, The Cambridge History of Inner Asia. The Chinggisid Age, Cambridge University Press, 2009 : Devin Deweese, « Islamization in the Mongol Empire », p. 120-134.
Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the Islamic World. From Conquest to Conversion, Yale University Press, New Haven et Londres, 2017.
Marie Favereau (dir.), La Horde d'Or et l'islamisation des steppes eurasiatiques, REMMM (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée), n°143, 2018 : Marie Favereau, « Introduction : L'islamisation des steppes », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée [En ligne], 143 | 2018, mis en ligne le 12 octobre 2018, consulté le 18 septembre 2023 : journals.openedition.org/remm... + Roman Hautala, « Comparing the Islamisation of the Jochid and Hülegüid Uluses: Muslim and Christian Perspectives ».
Linda Komaroff (éd.), Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2006 : Judith Pfeiffer, « Reflections on a “Double Rapprochement” : Conversion to Islam among the Mongol Elite during the Early Ilkhanate », p. 369-389.
Beatrice F. Manz, « The Empire of Tamerlane as an Adaptation of the Mongol Empire: An answer to David Morgan, "The Empire of Tamerlane: An Unsuccessful Re-Run of the Mongol State?" », Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 26, n°1/2, janvier-avril 2016, p. 281-291.
Jean-Paul Roux, Tamerlan, Fayard, Paris, 1991.
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🎶 Music 🎶
Original music by Hassan Ali (whom I warmly thank for his assistance!): hassanalimusic.xyz/
Among the titles: Ashes of Baghdad, Garden of Ridván, Golden Horde, Hulagu Khan, Red Desert, Steppes - Main Theme.
Adrian Von Ziegler
Ancient Arabian Music
Relaxing Arabian Music
Stronghold Crusader Soundtrack
Mount and Blade Bannerlord
Oud Theme: • Video
🎥 Video used in the episode:
Genghis Khan, Empire of the Steppes, Points of Reference - ARTE (January 3, 2023)
The Mongol Empire, Another History - Arte (2022)
Al-Andalus, a Legendary Civilization (The Ornament of the World) - Arte: • Al-Andalus, une civili...
The series Kingdoms of Fire (2019) - Season 1, Episode 10"
Негізгі бет Ойын-сауық The Conversion of the Mongols to Islam: A Simple Political Strategy?
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