In the 1950s Toronto wanted to build a network of “superhighways” all across the city. Part of this was the Spadina Expressway, which became one of the most controversial projects the the city's history. But most of this wasn’t built, and today, the city center is relatively free of highways, especially when compared to other major cities in North America.
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➜ References & Further Reading:
The Expressways of Toronto
transittoronto.ca/spare/0019....
The Spadina Expressway Controversy
www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs...
Challenging the Spadina Expressway through the Ontario Municipal Board
www.erudit.org/en/journals/uh...
The bad trip : the untold story of the Spadina Expressway
archive.org/details/badtripun...
Segregation By Design
www.segregationbydesign.com/
Widening Highways Doesn’t Fix Traffic. So Why Do We Keep Doing It?
www.nytimes.com/2023/01/06/us...
North Houston Highway Improvement Project
mycity.maps.arcgis.com/apps/w...
Houston commute times quickly increasing
www.click2houston.com/news/20...
Allen Road & Lawrence Heights
thelocal.to/where-the-spadina...
Lawrence Heights Revitalization
urbantoronto.ca/database/proj...
Allen Road Individual Environmental Assessment
www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2...
➜ Timestamps:
0:00 Highways In Toronto
1:04 Spadina Expressway Controversy
1:57 The Annex
3:07 Highways of Segregation
4:09 Aftermath
5:00 Highway Median Transit
6:43 Divided Neighborhoods
8:01 Urban Feeways Were a Mistake
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