The potential causes of polyhydramnios are variable including:
idiopathic: 60-65%
this is a diagnosis of exclusion despite accounting for a majority of cases, also termed idiopathic polyhydramnios
maternal: 25-30%
diabetes: commonly gestational diabetes
maternal congestive heart failure
fetal: 10-20%
CNS lesions (e.g. neural tube defects): fetal CNS abnormalities tend to be the commonest out of all fetal causative associations
proximal gastrointestinal obstruction
gastrointestinal atresia(s)
oesophageal atresia
duodenal atresia
jejunoileal atresia
abdominal wall defects
gastroschisis
omphalocele
fetal intestinal volvulus, e.g. from an intestinal malrotation
fetal cervicothoracic abnormalities
fetal cervical masses
congenital cervical teratoma/epignathus
large fetal goitre
thoracic masses
congenital pulmonary airways malformation (CPAM)
congenital high airways obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)
congenital diaphragmatic herniation
fetal cardiovascular anomalies
sustained fetal tachycardia (e.g. supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia)
twin pregnancy-related complications
twin-twin transfusion: occurs in the recipient
hydrops fetalis: immune and non-immune
fetal skeletal abnormalities
reduced fetal movement
Негізгі бет Ultrasound case - fetal polyhydramnios due to esophageal atresia , and AVSD
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