Ultrasounds and uses of ultrasounds in urdu sabaq physics wallah subject in urdu hindi.
Queries solved in this video
1. Define ultrasound
2. What are ultrasounds?
3. What are uses of ultrasound?
4. How ultrasounds use to detect small objects?
5. How ultrasounds are used in medical field?
6. What is SONAR ?
7. How ultrasounds are used to kill germs ?
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11.8 ULTRASOUND
Sounds of frequency higher than 20, 000 Hz which are
inaudible to normal human ear are called ultrasound or
ultrasonics.
Uses of Ultrasound
Ultrasonic waves carry more energy and higher
frequency than audible sound waves. Therefore,
according to the wave equation v = f λ, the wavelength
of ultrasonic waves is very small and is very useful for
detecting very small objects.
Ultrasonics are utilized in medical and technical fields.
In medical field, ultrasonic waves are used to
diagnose and treat different ailments. For
diagnosis of different diseases, ultrasonic waves
are made to enter the human body through
transmitters. These waves are reflected differently
by different organs, tissues or tumors etc. The
reflected waves are then amplified to form an
image of the internal organs of the body on the
screen (Fig.11.13). Such an image h e l p s i n
detecting the defects in these organs.
Powerful ultrasound is now being used to remove
blood clots formed in the arteries.
Ultrasound can also be used to get the pictures of
thyroid gland for diagnosis purposes.
Ultrasound is used to locate underwater depths or is
used for locating objects lying deep on the
ocean floor, etc. The technique is called SONAR,
(sound navigation and ranging). The sound waves are
sent from a transmitter, and a receiver collects the
reflected sound (Fig.11.14). The time-lapse is
calculated, knowing the speed of
sound in water, the distance of the object from the
SONAR ranging is also used to see the shape and the
size of the object.
Cracks appear in the interior of moving parts of high
speed heavy machines such as turbines,
engines of ships and airplanes due to excessive
use. These cracks are not visible from outside but they
can be very dangerous. Such cracks can be detected
by ultrasonics. A powerful beam of ultrasound is made
to pass through these defective parts. While passing,
these waves are reflected by the surface of these cracks
and flaws. The comparison of the ultrasonic waves
reflected from cracks and from the surfaces of these parts can give
a clue of the existence of the cracks.
Germs and bacteria in liquids can also be destroyed
by using high intensity ultrasonic waves.
32
SUMMARY
Sound is produced by a vibrating body. It travels in the medium from one place to
another in the form of compressional waves.
Loudness is a feature of sound by which a loud and a faint sound can be distinguished.
It depends upon the amplitude, surface area and distance from the vibrating body.
Sound energy flowing per second through unit area held perpendicular to the
direction of sound waves is called the intensity of sound. bel is unit of the intensity
level of sound, where 1 bel = 10 decibels
Pitch of the sound is the characteristics of sound by which a shrill sound can be
distinguished from a grave one. It depends upon the frequency.
The characteristics of sound by which two sound waves of same loudness and pitch
are distinguished from each other is called the quality of sound.
The sounds with jarring effect on our ears are called noise and the sounds having
pleasant effect on our ears are called musical sounds.
Noise pollution has become a major issue of concern in some big cities. Any form of
sound which disturbs the normal functioning of any natural ecosystem or some
human community is the cause of noise pollution.
Noise pollution can be reduced to acceptable level by replacing the rusty noisy
machinery with environment friendly machinery and equipments, putting sound reducing barriers, or using hearing protection devices.
The technique or method used to absorb undesirable sound energy by soft and
porous surfaces is called acoustic protection. This can be done by using soft, rough
Human audible frequency range lies between 20 Hz to 20
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