You've probably heard the saying that despite all the differences we see in people, we all bleed the same blood. Well, yes and no. Like so many things in life there are nuances when you actually get down to it and that brings us to the idea of blood types or blood groups.
There are a total of 33 different classification systems for blood recognised, but the two that you need to worry about most, that is, the two that are clinically relevant, are the ABO, and the Rh system.
Before getting into the nitty gritty details, a general background: there are bucket loads of antigens on the surfaces of cells and blood cells are no exception. Why do we call them antigens? Because they generate antibodies. Why do they generate antibodies? Because the body uses a system to mark its own cells so that recognises what belongs to it. Any cell that has a different antigen is then identified as not belonging to self. I.e. they are foreign. And in time, your immune system is potentially going to go wild, and problems can happen. A blood type prefers to the presence or absence of a certain marker or antigen on the surface of a person's, red blood cells. For example, in the ABO system, presence of or B antigen gives type B. Presence of both antigens gives type AB. While their absence gives 0 type blood. Blood typing is critical for blood transfusion, as there are very specific ways in which blood types must be matched between a donor and recipient for a safe transfusion. The rule is simple patient should not be given antigens that their own blood does not have. This is because the recipient's immune system may recognise any new antigen as foreign and develop antibodies to target for destruction. Depending on the scale of the triggered immune response, the reaction can be serious. Applying the rule, a patient with B antigen can only receive blood from type B and type O donors. Blood that contains the A and B antigen can receive from AB donors as well as type O donors. Another important system is the RH system for which D Antigen or factor is best known. Blood type for this antigen can be either positive or negative. By the same rule, Rh negative patient cannot receive blood from Rh positive donor. But the reverse direction is fine. Each of the four types of the ABO system can be positive or negative. This gives eight possible combinations for the basic blood types.
.
.
.
.
.
.
This video is about Blood groups, Blood types, ABO system, Rh system, Blood compatibility, Blood transfusion, Red blood cells, Antigens and antibodies, Blood group inheritance, Rh factor, Blood donation, Immunohematology, Blood typing methods, Rh-negative and Rh-positive.
Негізгі бет UNDERSTANDING BLOOD GROUPS AND TYPES: Exploring the ABO and Rh Systems🩸
Пікірлер: 1