Upadesa Saram by Ramana Maharshi. Of all the works of the Sage, Upadesa Saram is considered the supreme legacy of His teaching. Upadesa Saram was written by Sri Bhagavan not only in His native Tamil, but also in Sanskrit, Telugu and Malayalam - so important did He consider this 'Essential Teaching. The oft-told story of the origin of Upadesa Saram is this: The great Tamil poet, Muruganar, was composing a poem based upon an ancient legend about a group of ascetics who were performing various rites in the Daruka forest. They hoped thereby to obtain special powers for the fulfillment of their worldly ambitions. Lord Siva, in the guise of a mendicant (seeing the error of their ways) and accompanied by Vishnu, as a beautiful woman, appeared before the ascetics. They were overcome with desire for Vishnu, and their wives were entranced with Siva. Driven by jealousy, the ascetics used the magic powers they had acquired through their austerities to send a tiger, deadly snakes, and an elephant against the mendicant. But when Siva used the snakes as a necklace and killed the other conjured beasts, the ascetic-magicians fell at his feet and asked for instructions as to how to achieve the bliss of liberation. Muruganar wrote the rest of his poem, but felt that only the Maharshi, as the very embodiment of Siva, could write the needed instructions. Thereupon, Ramana Maharshi composed thirty verses in Tamil, entitled Upadesa Undiyar, describing the various ways to liberation, culminating in His own prescription of Self-enquiry. 6 He then translated them into Sanskrit as the 'Essential Teaching' or Upadesa Saram. This treasury of instruction and guidance manages to summarize, explain, and integrate the great traditional margas, or paths, of Hindu religious discipline and then to show the unique way to human freedom which He, Himself, offered to contemporary humankind. Karma, bhakti, raja, and jnana yogas are each suited to a different type of individual or to a different stage of a person's spiritual development. Atma vichara, search for the Self, is the Maharshi's own way, sanctified by His own experience.
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Upadesa Saram
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