In January 2024, this channel went sponsor free: kzitem.info/news/bejne/yquXvKaspKBohqw If you feel like we deserve it and have it to spare, here are the top 3 ways to support our work: 1. *Patreon:* www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum At the time this video was released, they only take a 5% cut leaving us 95%. We get the most direct support from this option. 2. *KZitem Memberships:* kzitem.info/rock/XgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPgjoin KZitem takes a 30% cut leaving us 70%, so that's less support for the channel, but it might be more convenient for some of you. 3. *Nebula:* go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum We only get 1/3 (33.3%) of this option, but the other 2/3 (66.7%) goes to a platform built by creators for creators. If you like my work a lot but want spread your support around a bit, this would be a great option.
@AlleyKatt
9 күн бұрын
I already have a lifetime Nebula membership so I do watch your videos there, but I also re-watch on KZitem (Premium, or whatever it's called) which I assume is helpful (also, tradITION!). Do you get something for number of Nebula views?
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
@@AlleyKatt Yep, there's also a payout for video "watch hours" on Nebula 👍. It's not much overall, but only because my overall views on Nebula are much lower than on KZitem. I'd bet that it's more _per view_ than anyone watching an ad on KZitem. I imagine it's more comparible to what I get from KZitem Premium views (like you said), but I don't know enough about either calculation to tell you _exactly_ how it compares. In short, it sounds like you've got a good system going. No reason to change.
@quirkyMakes
9 күн бұрын
I love this particular subject matter, but I wish your video had been a little longer. Thanks though. I've often wondered if it would be possible to syphon electrons off a white dwarf. That amount of raw electrical power would be more than enough to enable interstellar travel.
@mcnugget9999
9 күн бұрын
Is there a video out explanation somewhere about why you decided to go sponsor free? Surely there must be some halfway decent sponsors out there that you can feel okay about using?
@noneofyourbusiness4133
9 күн бұрын
What about neutron stars…. :(
@semidemiurge
9 күн бұрын
You are an exceptional educator. This is from a recently retired science teacher. Thanks for what you do.
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Thanks! That means a lot.
@bawilson999
9 күн бұрын
I fully agree! Nick, you are the best science communicator I’ve encountered, outshining my professors, famous communicators, and popular KZitem channels. After earning my Bachelors in Engineering Physics, I moved into software development, where I’ve spent the last 30 years. I deeply miss physics, have forgotten a lot, and so much has been discovered since. Nick helps fill the physics sized void in my soul.
@LordPhobos6502
9 күн бұрын
As a former planetarium presenter, seconding this. Your space videos are really accessible, while keeping the detail ans nuance. I *really* loved your video on supernovae ❤
@placer7412
8 күн бұрын
Can I ask whats the story behind your name?
@ValidatingUsername
7 күн бұрын
For all the crazies on youtube 😉
@valerioboldreghini4239
9 күн бұрын
Yes you're back! I almost went SANE waiting for this video.
@AlleyKatt
9 күн бұрын
Ok, you made me chuckle.
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
😂 Well, we can't have that!
@DANGJOS
9 күн бұрын
It's okay to be a little sane
@altosack
7 күн бұрын
@@DANGJOS -- Yes, but that deep, dark part of our souls should be kept as short and as hidden as reasonable.
@Lucky10279
3 күн бұрын
🤣
@kingeternal_ap
9 күн бұрын
Everytime I read about gases and matter being degenerate, I am rapidly reminded that scientists are notably bad at naming things, you naughty, naughty gas.
@LuisAldamiz
9 күн бұрын
They're *immoral* gases because they don't obey the laws (of physics (as understood back in the Age of Physics' Dinosaurs)). Being a gas is already quite evil (the very name derives from unfathomable Chaos), being a degenerate gas... well...
@PeterBaumgart1a
9 күн бұрын
They just stick to names, whereas societal sensitivities evolve. How about "retarded potentials" in electrodynamics?
@kingeternal_ap
9 күн бұрын
@@PeterBaumgart1a First time, and well I allready hate it haha
@EpicMiniMeatwad
8 күн бұрын
Atomize.
@giin97
7 күн бұрын
@@PeterBaumgart1ayeah, nothing like the music teacher yelling "retard" at the group of students 😁 Gotta love people taking normal words, using them as an insult, and then people actually getting offended enough for that word to become a no-no word.
@romansenger2322
5 күн бұрын
Engineers: Water isn't compressible. Physicist: Hold my 400-ton beer.
@randomvideosontheinternet6850
3 күн бұрын
😂
@rdormer
6 күн бұрын
"dismissing what exists without proposing alternatives is not productive" might be one of the most on-point nuggets of wisdom I've heard out of this channel. Truly a watch phrase for our times.
@denizkendirci
9 күн бұрын
"fermions... because of course he called them that" lol
@MrDino1953
8 күн бұрын
It sounds less awkward than diracions or fowlerions because Fermi ends with an “i”.
@dan-nutu
6 күн бұрын
IDK, they could have gone for something like "diraxons" or "fowlerettes" if they really wanted to used their names :)
@FrancisFjordCupola
9 күн бұрын
One could never be as crazy as Fermi's crazy about Fermi.
@cR4Sh6
9 күн бұрын
Fermi talking to the mirror: those femions are some fermswinners 😏
@GamesFromSpace
9 күн бұрын
Or as he called it, the Fermi Paradox.
@sapphie132
9 күн бұрын
I mean, at least Dirac had one of the coolest mathematical concepts named after him (the delta function)
@frederf3227
9 күн бұрын
The amount of inverting the Direct delta function spiked to infinity once in 1930.
@skilz8098
8 күн бұрын
Fast Fourier Transform: I can break that down for you!
@stanleydodds9
8 күн бұрын
also the dirac equation is extremely important. Like... that's how the positron was "discovered" before it was observed.
@thesoundsmith
8 күн бұрын
And if you understand it, you have Dirac Access...
@Unotch
3 күн бұрын
"Made from degenerate matter" ... thank you, now my mom calls me White Dwarf.
@luizphillypsabadinibazoni6293
9 күн бұрын
Imagine just doing your job as a physicist and almost a hundred years later you are the subject of an episode of the science asylum about something completelly different but somehow related to that you were working on and then they take your name to address this whole story.
@felipeflores5403
8 күн бұрын
I was hoping you'd talk about the hero of the story connecting Fermi-Dirac statistics and white dwarfs, Chandrasekhar, who shared a Nobel Prize with Fowler. The maximum mass of a stable white dwarf is called the Chandrasekhar limit after all!
@yesthatkarim9601
8 күн бұрын
well you know it’s a long-established conservative scientific tradition to wait 50 years before giving Chandrasekhar proper credit. If only he had been named Fermi…
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
He deserves his own video.
@scienceislove2014
4 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylumbut mentioning it here would've tied the whole thing together.. Those who are watching this might not watch the next..
@Lucky10279
3 күн бұрын
@@yesthatkarim9601😂
@CombineWatermelon
9 сағат бұрын
Not real. Chandrasekhar was a pet of the real physicists. Indians are incapable of math.
@DANGJOS
9 күн бұрын
6:54 Thank you! It always bothered me when scientists would say in documentaries that white dwarfs are giant diamonds in the sky. Like surely they have to have wildly different structure and density
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
You're very welcome! It infuriates me too.
@hifty7779
9 күн бұрын
“Dismissing what exists without proposing alternatives is not productive” Line goes HARD!
@stuglenn1112
8 күн бұрын
Should be required reading for every politician.
@altosack
7 күн бұрын
Something that complicates this to non-scientific types is the whole "what exists" requirement for productive hypotheses.
@merwindor
9 күн бұрын
Sirius B has some Serious G
@DrDeuteron
9 күн бұрын
it's the OG WD. If you got beef, take it up with the P.E.P.
@jiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
8 күн бұрын
6:18 That’s some sirius gravity.
@JunoStation_DB1
8 күн бұрын
Relatable.
@average_animations
3 күн бұрын
😭
@sillygoober-iferhouhgbvuis453
3 күн бұрын
ba-dum-tshh
@luudest
9 күн бұрын
What is the difference between degenerated matter and the matter of neutron stars?
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Neutron star matter (a.k.a. "neutronium") is a type of degenerate matter. The difference is that neutrons are the fermion exerting the pressure instead of electrons.
@ablightuponall
9 күн бұрын
IIRC, in the Neutron Stars, the protons turns into a neutron by squeezing out a positron which then annihilates an electron. As the electrons go boom, the remaining neutrons take over the load of exerting the pressure because it's now the neutrons trying and failing to occupy the same quantum state under the pressure.
@luudest
9 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylum please also do a video about strange matter
@tomkerruish2982
9 күн бұрын
@luudest Isn't strange matter still hypothetical?
@luudest
9 күн бұрын
@@tomkerruish2982 according to Kurzgesagt it is inside neutron stars. See their video.
@King_of_log
9 күн бұрын
Comment clone is the best 😂😂😂
@Colle7283
9 күн бұрын
Such a pity Comment clone had an accident that kept his face paralized, now he looks like an eternal dick but he is actually a nice dude that points out the right questions.
@philochristos
9 күн бұрын
He always says what I"m thinking. It's weird!
@noahbao4998
5 күн бұрын
KZitem dont have “haha” button, use this as one 😂😂😂😂😂😂. I meant as 6 “haha”
@donnyjepp
2 күн бұрын
😂😂😂 Tseb eht si enolc tnemmoc
@JAGFG42
9 күн бұрын
No one thinks of white dwarfs is like saying no one expects the Spanish Inquisition. Those poor dwarfs.
@katherineg9396
7 күн бұрын
😂😂😂
@kadourimdou43
9 күн бұрын
Electrons can have Spin up or Spin Down. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, states that no two Electrons can share the same Quantum state. So when they are compressed, they resist further compression because the Electrons refuse to share the same Quantum state. Or something along those lines.
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
That is the gist, yes. I'm sure I'll go into more detail in a future video.
@kadourimdou43
9 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylumThat would be great.
@Bassotronics
9 күн бұрын
What I don’t understand is that concept would totally work if the electrons did not have a wave function and were completely solid particles. But once they are also governed by a wave function, they should still overlap and occupy each other’s space sparingly or even cancel out of existence. It’s why quantum mechanics is so odd in the first place since particles can pass through barriers.
@Knirin
9 күн бұрын
@@BassotronicsThe wave function for fermions is a probability distribution of certain properties. Fermions don’t have wave/particle duality like photons. The degeneracy pressure is the result of a confined location. Fixed location very high speed.
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
@@Bassotronics The wave function (or probability distribution or whatever) is the _reason_ it's capable of exerting this pressure.
@jjjccc728
7 күн бұрын
I love this channel . The video mentions several problems and their solutions. Here's a list of the main issues discussed and the solutions proposed: 1. Problem: Inconsistency with Nernst's principle (Third Law of Thermodynamics) - Issue: Enrico Fermi's ideal gas model at near-absolute zero temperatures resulted in entropy approaching negative infinity, violating the Third Law of Thermodynamics. - Solution: Fermi applied quantum mechanics to develop a new statistical model (Fermi-Dirac statistics) that introduced the concept of Fermi energy and degenerate gas. This ensured a finite minimum entropy at extremely low temperatures. 2. Problem: Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics - Issue: Classical Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics failed to accurately describe the behavior of gases at extremely low temperatures where quantum effects become significant. - Solution: The development of Fermi-Dirac statistics to account for quantum behavior of particles at very low temperatures. 3. Problem: Why don't white dwarfs collapse under their own gravity? - Issue: White dwarfs have masses comparable to stars compressed into the size of planets, yet they don't collapse despite lacking fusion to provide outward pressure. - Solution: The application of Fermi's degenerate gas model to white dwarfs by Fowler and Dirac. They proposed that the quantum pressure from degenerate electrons provides the necessary outward force to prevent collapse. 4. Problem: Modeling extremely dense matter in white dwarfs - Issue: Traditional gas models don't apply to the super-dense matter found in white dwarfs. - Solution: The use of the Fermi gas model, which works for any collection of fermions (including electrons) even in non-gaseous states, allowing it to be applied to the degenerate matter in white dwarfs. 5. Problem: Explaining the state of matter in white dwarf cores - Issue: The extreme conditions in white dwarfs create a state of matter that doesn't fit conventional descriptions of solids, liquids, or gases. - Solution: The concept of degenerate matter was introduced to describe this state where particles are so tightly packed that normal atomic structures break down. 6. Problem: Insufficient thermal pressure to support white dwarfs - Issue: While white dwarfs are extremely hot, the thermal pressure alone is not enough to prevent gravitational collapse. - Solution: The recognition that quantum pressure from degenerate electrons, rather than thermal pressure, provides the primary support against gravity in white dwarfs. The video presents these problems and solutions as part of a larger narrative about how theoretical work in one area of physics (gas behavior at low temperatures) unexpectedly provided explanations for phenomena in a seemingly unrelated area (the structure of white dwarfs). This showcases the interconnected nature of physics and how fundamental principles can have wide-ranging applications.
@orchdork775
6 күн бұрын
Great comment! I appreciate the effort it must have taken to write all this out. This deserves a heart from @TheScienceAsylum
@Dark_Jaguar
9 күн бұрын
Du-warf! It seems physicists love naming things after dead physicists, while biologists prefer naming things after dead languages.
@rainingBrackets
6 күн бұрын
Can you give examples for the biology part of your observed phenomena? I'm interested but I can't think of any other than latin for taxonomy
@Dark_Jaguar
6 күн бұрын
@@rainingBrackets Yep that was my joke, sorry!
@rainingBrackets
6 күн бұрын
@@Dark_Jaguar It's okay I misunderstood the plural for languages. There are a lot of named organisms
@richardw2977
9 күн бұрын
Great video as always. Really liking the direction you’re taking the channel lately. Keep up the awesome work.
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Thanks! I'm happy with the direction it's going too.
@naytonestew7202
3 күн бұрын
I like the guy who makes the snarky questions, tapping his keyboard like a cynical squirrel. He's funny.
@Paul-ty1bv
9 күн бұрын
Hello from Illinois, home of FERMILAB.
@MrSpock-sm3dd
7 күн бұрын
I know this lab, right in front of the Fermi Building on right side of the Fermi avenue over the Fermi soil
@Paul-ty1bv
7 күн бұрын
@@MrSpock-sm3dd Interesting note: Chicago Pile 1 would have been called Fermi Pile 1 if Szilard had his way. He wanted Fermi to make the connection to Volta's Pile. Fermi didn't recognize the connection.
@hinesification
9 күн бұрын
Hmmmm… I actually think neutron stars are the most dense. Because they have blown through the electron degeneracy so they are actually more dense.
@Qrexx1
7 күн бұрын
They are definitely more dense. White dwarfs have a mass of a star with the size of Earth, neutron stars have that mass with just a few kilometers of diameter.
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
Neutron stars are _also_ made of degenerate matter. It's just neutrons exerting the outward pressure instead of electrons. Same principle, same phase of matter, just a different fermion.
@AUDI2605
6 күн бұрын
Aren't neurons bosons?
@Qrexx1
6 күн бұрын
@@AUDI2605 Nah, neurons are nerve cells, bosons are integer spin particles, most of them being force carriers
@orchdork775
6 күн бұрын
@@Qrexx1 oh come on, you know what they meant 😂
@aleksandar6056
9 күн бұрын
"The center of a white dwarf, you will find the most compact matter known to human kind" - (Insert sad neutron star noises here)
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Neutron stars are _also_ made of degenerate matter, so _technically_ my statement is still true.
@rtg_onefourtwoeightfiveseven
9 күн бұрын
You could also say that neutron-degenerate matter isn't really _known_ to humankind - AFAIK, we still don't know its equation of state.
@FriedrichHerschel
9 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylum Technically correct, the best kind of correct.
@BenAlternate-zf9nr
8 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylumneutron-degenerate matter is MUCH denser than the electron-degenerate matter of white dwarfs. About 8 orders of magnitude denser. (10^17 vs. 10^9 kg/m³)
@mosquitobight
6 күн бұрын
The bizarre thing to me about degenerate stars is that as they become more massive they get smaller. If two identical twin white dwarfs merge, the resulting merged dwarf will be smaller than either of the two original dwarfs.
@stapler942
8 күн бұрын
That compression. Talk about making molehills out of mountains. 😏
@ztheyoutuber9614
8 күн бұрын
9:01 Is he also related to the FERMI paradox
@davidhoward4715
8 күн бұрын
Yes.
@Chr15T
8 күн бұрын
Great video! Now do one on the Chandrasekhar limit of the white dwarf's mass. It would fit neatly right after the stuff you just explained. One other thing: I was missing the ingenious contribution of Wolfgang Pauli here. He proved the "spin statistics theorem", which I regard as one of the most surprising results of quantum physics at all. That theorem states that all spin 1/2 particles (=fermions) will exert that "degeneration pressure" you call "quantum pressure", while at the same time the theorem states that spin-1-particles (=bosons) love to go into the same state, which is the reason lasers work. Absolutely fascinating!
@robblerouser5657
9 күн бұрын
There are a lot of videos describing neutron stars but not enough about dwarf stars. This covers that gap!
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
Right?! I agree. Looks like it's up to me to fanboy over white dwarfs.
@YodaMan-420
9 күн бұрын
my gas isnt ideal either.. at least other people dont seem to think so.
@richardthompson7838
3 күн бұрын
That he got all the credit is quite a Fermi paradox.
@petersage5157
9 күн бұрын
So Comment Clone has replaced Question Clone? Is there going to be another video about neutronium, the proposed state of matter in neutron stars, which are even more dense than white dwarfs?
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Question Clone replaced Transition Clone. This is the way of things, the natural order 😉
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Neutron stars are _also_ made of degenerate matter. It's just neutrons exerting the outward pressure instead of electrons. Same principle, same phase of matter, just a different fermion.
@JonBrase
9 күн бұрын
@@ScienceAsylumSame principle, same-ish phase of matter, but significant differences, not just the density. In a white dwarf, you have non-degenerate particles (the nuclei) floating around in the degenerate gas of electrons and contributing most of the mass, but neutronium is much more homogenous.
@andrewparker318
9 күн бұрын
Most underrated science KZitemr in history. The way you explain things is incredible
@DrDeuteron
9 күн бұрын
It's not a coincidence that 2 pi times the density of a white dwarf divided by the density of carbon, 247000, is about 137 cubed. [Hint: the Bohr radius divided by reduced Compton wavelength of electron = 137]. Fermi ftw.
@raulbeienheimer
8 күн бұрын
This channel is exceptional good. He doesn't explain science using excessive paternalisms, he doesn't oversimplify yet he does his best to make complicated things as easy as possible without trimming reality.
@oldieman730
9 күн бұрын
You sir, are a brilliant educator. You engage me and I learn things that used to confuse me. Thank you from a 65 year old working class educated man.
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
Glad to help 🙂
@DrDeuteron
9 күн бұрын
From wiki, Arthur Eddingtion on Sirius B: _We learn about the stars by receiving and interpreting the messages which their light brings to us. The message of the companion of Sirius when it was decoded ran: "I am composed of material 3,000 times denser than anything you have ever come across; a ton of my material would be a little nugget that you could put in a matchbox." What reply can one make to such a message? The reply which most of us made in 1914 was - "Shut up. Don't talk nonsense."_
@luudest
9 күн бұрын
0:40 Lol, back in the days you had to publish in German 😂
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
😆 There _was_ an Italian version published, but it's no longer available. The oldest available version was the German version.
@wholesand
Күн бұрын
0:00 "At the centre of a white *doowarf* you'll find the most compact matter known to humankind"
@nathanaelcard
9 күн бұрын
Them: "let me see what you're made of!" Me: sends them this video
@MarcaCanaglia
8 күн бұрын
You are pronouncing "Fermi" even better than half of the italian population ❤
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
It took a lot of effort. The americanization of his name is deep rooted in my brain.
@ShawnRavenfire
9 күн бұрын
I first heard about white dwarfs from an episode of Superfriends. The villain of the episode was carrying around a small piece of a white dwarf, and using its gravity to snatch up things like train cars (although in the animation, it looked more like the things he was stealing just vanished). Yeah, the science on that show was weird, even by superhero standards.
@marcusscience23
2 күн бұрын
“There is an alarming number of physics things named after Fermi” Euler (in mathematics): Finally! A worthy opponent! Our battle will be legendary!
@ScienceAsylum
2 күн бұрын
When I recorded that line, I thought to myself about how Fermi is physics's Euler.
@shelley-anneharrisberg7409
9 күн бұрын
Love the "explosion" at 7:33 😂Another great video!
@robertdiehl1281
7 күн бұрын
Your passion for science is what helps me to listen all the way through the video. And the strange crazy world of stars and the subatomic particles is fascinating. Not saying I can come anywhere near understanding what you are talking about.
@wmpx34
9 күн бұрын
One of the best channels on YT hands down
@toughenupfluffy7294
7 күн бұрын
"Non sto nemmeno pensando alle nane bianche."-Enrico Fermi, 1926.
@keyserxx
9 күн бұрын
I concur that neutron stars and white dwarfs are insane. but also these conditions existed throughout the entire universe if one goes back far enough in time? :)
@ScienceAsylum
9 күн бұрын
Yes, but the distant cosmic past will never be as interesting as something that exists _now._
@custos3249
9 күн бұрын
By accident.... Isn't that like 80% of the way we discover things?
@nHans
9 күн бұрын
Glad to see *gravity* getting its well-deserved respect as a force to be reckoned with, alongside other fundamental forces. Otherwise, it's either studied in isolation-as in General Relativity-or completely ignored-as in the Standard Model. But with White Dwarfs (and also Neutron Stars and Black Holes), you can do neither. In these, gravity overwhelms the electromagnetic force. Since the Standard Model doesn't even acknowledge the existence of gravity, what is the electron degeneracy pressure supposed to be counterbalancing? (Don't answer; it's a sarcastic/rhetorical question.) As an engineer who's designed structures to support weights, I have a lot of respect for gravity.
@benmcreynolds8581
9 күн бұрын
Loved this comment. I have noticed myself getting quietly frustrated with how Gravity gets so ignored in many ways in modern science. I just had to say I really appreciated your comment. The way you described it was perfect 👍🏼
@DrDeuteron
9 күн бұрын
No! gravity does not overwhelm the electromagnetic force. (Dr Becky made this same mistake). Look at the formula for the Chandrasekhar limit, you will not find any reference to the strength of the electromagnetic force. It's entirely related to the mass of the electron, which determines the minimum volume into which to can be shoved. idk about the neutron star limit--the strong force is so complicated, but the ratio of the radii of a white dwarf to a neutron star is roughly m_N / m_e, with no reference to alpha or alpha_s (the strength of the forces).
@JonBrase
9 күн бұрын
The thing that really makes gravity a force to be reckoned with is that it's always attractive. It's weaker than all the other forces to an insane degree, but only gravity and electromagnetism have infinite range, and with electromagnetism like charges repel and unlike charges attract, so EM always tends to neutralize itself, while gravity always works with itself.
@user-xr6xi5ym6e
6 күн бұрын
Fun fact: If the carbon nucleies get close enough together, they can sometimes fuse in a process called “quantum tunneling”. When 2 carbon-12 nucleies get close enough together, they can fuse into magnesium-24
@mtranchi
8 күн бұрын
1:53 Is that VSauce?
@JordanCrawfordSF
8 күн бұрын
Generic VSauce… so just sauce.
@culwin
7 күн бұрын
we have VSauce at home
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
@@JordanCrawfordSF 😂
@calebstroup6917
5 күн бұрын
White dwarves, the bronze medalist stellar density
@ScienceAsylum
4 күн бұрын
At least they win a medal!
@kingofdefense
9 күн бұрын
The Fermi Asylum.
@memadmax69
5 сағат бұрын
That Fermi guy sure was a marketing genius... Stamped his name on EVERYTHING.... ^.^
@themostselfishman
5 күн бұрын
Dirac is my favorite.
@Matt-NYC
Күн бұрын
My future great great grandkids will be Uber nerds because I just completed watching this information packed (way less than the core of White Dwarf, I'm sure) KZitem segment.
@sammcmurchie8136
9 күн бұрын
I'm sad that you're moving away from the model for this channel as it was when I first found you, but I can't argue that your approach to science education isn't still by far my favorite. I'll only say that I don't think the "angry commenter" character should be the replacement for question clone. I still really like the statement-question-response style of developing ideas, but with the angry commenter character it feels somewhat adversarial, whereas I related a lot more to the way question clone would ask questions with confusion/excitement for the topic. That's how I would be asking these questions!
@ActrosTech
8 күн бұрын
I actually find it both interesting and absolute bonkers to think of at 7:24, like, a typical atom is nothing but void thats usually "filled" with electron clouds, but in Neutron stars - what supposed to be an empty space is just... Loads and loads more of these carbon cores, effectivelly being as one giant atom core, which explains alot of its related extremes, like magnetic field and much more.
@douglasmcneil8413
9 күн бұрын
Can neutrinos pass through a white dwarf?
@scottydu81
9 күн бұрын
Neutrinos can pass through your mother
@oThDeth
9 күн бұрын
True
@kingeternal_ap
9 күн бұрын
I guess they night have a hard time hitting the star in the First place. Neutron stars are tiny
@DrDeuteron
9 күн бұрын
well, now, that's a good question. We know neutrinos can pass through the sun with zero effort, and the amount of matter in a WD is ~ 1 sun. But: the probability of interaction goes as the areal density, so we need to take (R_sun/R_earth)^2 ~ 10,000...so yeah, that's not enough. A: Yes. But what about neutron stars? That R^2 factor is 10 billion..still not much, so why do neutrinos kick start the supernovae? Because there are 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 of them being radiated in a few seconds.
@-danR
6 күн бұрын
@@DrDeuteron You're using up all the zeros. There'll be none left for the rest of us.
@squidishtendencies1523
7 күн бұрын
Your deliverance is captivating. First time watcher and subscribed!
@ScienceAsylum
6 күн бұрын
Thanks! I do my best.
@jlpsinde
9 күн бұрын
SO GOOD
@syntaera
11 сағат бұрын
I just love that there are different degeneracy pressures for different fermions, and that proton degeneracy is effectively a rounding error on electron degeneracy, until electron capture happens and we get down to neutron degeneracy pressure. Even cooler is the idea that there might be stars held tenuously from collapse by quark degeneracy pressure, or that quark-degenerate matter could form at the core of a neutron star - and that this may have some links to magnetars due to fun quantum color effects. Just endless fun to imagine!
@Qermaq
9 күн бұрын
A deWorf is on de Star Trek.
@timseguine2
8 күн бұрын
I thought a dewharf was built next to de sea
@seanvickery145
3 күн бұрын
While I might have heard the term 'degenerate matter' before, I had no idea of its structure. I feel informed now. Thank you for your excellent KZitem channel
@ScienceAsylum
2 күн бұрын
Glad I could help! Also, thanks for the support. I really appreciate it.
@AlexBaklanov
9 күн бұрын
Duh-warf ))) Great video! As always!
@johnwu222000
5 күн бұрын
I like the fact that you put up all relevant source links that include papers/lectures that provide more math contents. Bravo to you!!!
@jimmyzhao2673
9 күн бұрын
Wow ! The ancients were geniuses, able to figure all this stuff out using only pencil & paper, or chalk & board.
@darrkstarg
6 күн бұрын
You bring the best nuggets of knowledge. This is a masterclass on how white dwarves work in under 10 minutes. You are an educator. I feel that you explain things very clearly and you make it fun and exciting. More educators need to take take a look at your videos and see how to reach people effectively. Science is also the best subject, especially anything astronomy! :-)
@superkamehameha1744
9 күн бұрын
Oh great.... Redditor matter
@ashuraxelr
9 күн бұрын
The fact that so many things in physics are called after Fermi is paradoxical. Should we call it a Fermi paradox? ... oh wait...
@ParduzTube
7 күн бұрын
TIny funny irrelevant thing: "Fermi" in italian is the plural of "Fermo", which can means "fixed, stationary" if used as an adjective, or "STOP!" if used as a command 🙂
@stevejohnson6053
Күн бұрын
as an engineer, i absolutely marvel at people like these scientists
@user-xr6xi5ym6e
6 күн бұрын
This also explains why black dwarfs don’t collapse on themselves even though its temperature is near absolute zero. That’s why it can live for 10^1000 years, even longer than supermassive black holes.
@ScienceAsylum
4 күн бұрын
Exactly. The temperature isn't really doing much to support it.
@whiteeye3453
4 күн бұрын
So instead saying he found exeption to third rule of thermodynamics he instead made up new math to fix this?
@ashutoshsrivastava3618
Күн бұрын
YOUR COMEDIC STYLE, SPECIALLY THE GUY PRESSING BUTTONS ON KEYBOARD IS REALLY WHAT I LOVE,,,,,, WANT A PHOTO OF THAT GUY. IT AN IMMORTAL PHOTO ONE DAY I WILL HAVE IT. THOUGH THE TOPIC WAS TOUGH BUT YOU EXPLAINED IT REALLY WELL WITH HUMOR.
@ScienceAsylum
16 сағат бұрын
Glad you appreciate it. Thanks for the positive comment. It means a lot.
@Synaw97
7 күн бұрын
1:54 “Hey VSauce, Michael here”
@jonathanb6371
9 күн бұрын
OK strar trek Rd and the deathstar in the same room just confirmed that you are my long lost brother from another mother. ❤😂😂
@AprilMarie-oy8sh
9 күн бұрын
I thought neutron stars were more dense than white dwarfs: the gravitational collapse there is so great that the electrons are forced into the He protons, making essentially a giant dense compact mass of "neutron matter" (sorry, I know not the real name of this type of matter.) .I mean, a sugar cube size mass of a neutron star would weigh as much as a mountain. Isn't this even more dense than degenerate matter of a white dwarf? The matter of a neutron star is collapsed and packed more densely than a white dwarf. PS: Sorry if this question has come up before in the comments. I came in last so far and haven't read the other comments yet. I apologize if I am a repeat!
@SamuraiPipotchi
7 күн бұрын
I heard Fermi and immediately assumed he was the guy the Fermi Paradox is named after. I had no idea his name was basically used as a brand at this point
@ScienceAsylum
6 күн бұрын
Yep. The Fermi paradox is also him. His name is everywhere.
@feylezofriza
8 күн бұрын
Fermi was one of the greatest minds of all time
@djj949
2 күн бұрын
Your style made this great
@Lucky10279
3 күн бұрын
If only you'd made this video last year when I was taking a class on semiconductor physics, since it deals with a lot of the same QM concepts you brought up here. Great video though! Though I supposed I _am_ biased to prefering anything that involves statistics and/or QM.
@ScienceAsylum
2 күн бұрын
Thanks! Also, welcome back!
@SmogandBlack
6 күн бұрын
Fermi was a remarkably good Theoretical Physicist considered how incredibly (you'd say 'insanely', I guess 🤔...) good he was as an Experimental Physicist. Great video as always, thanks 😊...
@ScienceAsylum
6 күн бұрын
One of the greatest mind of the century, for sure.
@mcnugget9999
9 күн бұрын
Thanks for the upload! Great content as always
@Chris-hx3om
8 күн бұрын
Add a bit more matter and the electron degeneracy pressure is exceeded and the white dwarf will collapse into a Neutron star... Basically, all the electrons get forced into the protons, and they become neutrons. Please, please, do a video on that! Side note: Paul Dirac was the guy who postulated antimatter. For about 4 or 5 years he thought his calculations were wrong as they predicted a 'negative value' as well as a positive one. (Like the square root of 9 is 3 AND -3). It wasn't until a cloud chamber experiment captured a particle of the same mass as an electron, but bending the 'wrong way' in the magnetic field did Dirac's calculations 'make sense'. He was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work.
@alexprokhorov407
Күн бұрын
I can't believe you didn't mention Pauly's exclusion principle. When you can't force elementary particles to the same energy level. With elecrons, they will resist that pressure to curtain extend against gravity. Then given enough pressure, they will combine with protons to form neutrons, like in neutron stars. Eventually, given enough mass , gravity can overcome the repulsion and form a black hole. But the main repulsive force against the collapse in the absence of radiative outward force is Pauly exclusion principle.
@srinitaaigaura
2 күн бұрын
To add, the same thing is what we see in all metals. The outer electrons are degenerate and form a sea of electrons. We can even measure the electron degeneracy pressure in metals. In a white dwarf ALL the electrons are stripped off the atoms. It's the most perfect metal in the universe. Basically the white dwarf is supporting itself through pure solidity of matter.
@Qermaq
9 күн бұрын
1:09 literal hand-waving :D
@Sabala95
4 күн бұрын
Hey Nick! First of all, thanks for the huge amount of work putting into these videos! I'm so glad that I found you many years ago! Second, I have a question: What should happen if we support this white dwarfs with a lot of energy? The nuclei should starts to wiggle then move that fast, it starts to make room for itself, form atoms, maybe overcome the gravity and explode into space, or just getting bigger and starts working as a star again? I guess this question applies to other stars aswell. Thank you for the answer!
@ScienceAsylum
2 күн бұрын
Long before you got to enough energy to form atoms, you'd get to the energy required to turn protons into neutrons. You'd make a neutron star, where _nuclei_ aren't even possible.
@jonathanozik5442
6 күн бұрын
Asylum: The Ridiculous Density of White Dwarfs Tyrion Lannister: I find it kind of ironic
@VestedUTuber
3 сағат бұрын
"At the center of a White Dwarf you'll find the densest form of matter - degenerate matter." But not the densest form of degenerate matter.
@fuffoon
7 күн бұрын
I had a recent series of blood tests and they display serious abnormal hormonal imbalances. A few weeks ago this would have been entertaining. Today, it makes me feel like I'm standing in a slashing rain and hail storm in the wall of a tornado. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as emergency endocrinologists where I live.
@johnhuldt
9 күн бұрын
Thank you so much for all the great videos over the years. Making this abstract science stuff available and somewhat understandable for us with interest but no formal training in physics and math.
@ScienceAsylum
7 күн бұрын
You're very welcome! It's been a good time. I'm privileged to be able to share my knowledge and have that be a job.
@jamesmnguyen
7 күн бұрын
Talking about quantum statistics gives me flashbacks to one my hardest physics class I took in Uni.
@rafetizer
7 күн бұрын
Humans figuring out and describing things at the atomic level and smaller is absolutely mind-boggling.
@jebler
9 күн бұрын
I took a shot every time you said Fermi, send help
@FulgenceMalvenue
7 күн бұрын
What did you do when he said Enrico?
@CliffSedge-nu5fv
5 күн бұрын
Drink one mole of water per kilogram of body mass, and you'll be fine.
@sypoth
12 сағат бұрын
So, in other words, while atoms do kinda exist the conditions are so extreme that they cannot truly have any structure causing them to denegrate and act as one giant continuous atom even though it doesn't share the same structure as an atom and it's the same energy that keeps atoms together that keeps it from collapsing.
@Lorkanthal
6 күн бұрын
sounds like paul may have had a crush on fermi with all the things he named after him.
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