What are Direct acting antivirals for HCV?directactingantiviralsforhcv#hcv#hepatitisC#youtube#yt
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation, sometimes leading to serious liver damage. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) spreads through contaminated blood.
Until recently, hepatitis C treatment required weekly injections and oral medications that many HCV-infected people couldn't take because of other health problems or unacceptable side effects.
That's changing. Today, chronic HCV is usually curable with oral medications taken every day for two to six months.
Symptoms
Long-term infection with the hepatitis C virus is known as chronic hepatitis C. Chronic hepatitis C is usually a "silent" infection for many years, until the virus damages the liver enough to cause the signs and symptoms of liver disease.
Signs and symptoms include:
• Bleeding easily
• Bruising easily
• Fatigue
• Poor appetite
• Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark-colored urine
• Itchy skin
• Fluid buildup in your abdomen (ascites)
• Swelling in your legs
• Weight loss
• Confusion, drowsiness and slurred speech (hepatic encephalopathy)
• Spiderlike blood vessels on your skin (spider angiomas)
Acute hepatitis C infection doesn't always become chronic. Some people clear HCV from their bodies after the acute phase, an outcome known as spontaneous viral clearance. In studies of people diagnosed with acute HCV, rates of spontaneous viral clearance have varied from 15% to 25%. Acute hepatitis C also responds well to antiviral therapy.
Causes
Hepatitis C infection is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection spreads when blood contaminated with the virus enters the bloodstream of an uninfected person.
Globally, HCV exists in several distinct forms, known as genotypes. Seven distinct HCV genotypes and more than 67 subtypes have been identified. The most common HCV genotype in the United States is type 1.
Treatment:
Antiviral medications: Hepatitis C infection is treated with antiviral medications intended to clear the virus from your body. The goal of treatment is to have no hepatitis C virus detected in your body at least 12 weeks after you complete treatment.
Researchers have recently made significant advances in treatment for hepatitis C using new, "direct-acting" antiviral medications, sometimes in combination with existing ones. As a result, people experience better outcomes, fewer side effects and shorter treatment times - some as short as eight weeks. The choice of medications and length of treatment depend on the hepatitis C genotype, presence of existing liver damage, other medical conditions and prior treatments.
Mechanism of action: Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) that target hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication.
Combination therapies targeting multiple viral proteins can increase the genetic barrier to resistance, and all-oral, interferon-free regimens combining different classes of DAA are proving highly effective in treating chronic hepatitis C. Most if not all HCV nonstructural proteins are multifunctional and act in concert with viral and cellular interaction partners in macromolecular complexes.
As a consequence, inhibitors that target a single HCV protein can impact several different stages in the HCV life cycle.
Studies designed to understand how DAAs act on the functions of individual HCV proteins at the molecular level have provided novel insights into the viral replicase complex, viral RNA synthesis, and virion assembly.
DAAs currently used in the clinic include inhibitors that target the NS3/4A protease, the NS5A protein, and the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
A greater understanding of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and proteins has enabled efforts to improve efficacy and tolerability of HCV treatment. Notably, this has led to the development of multiple direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which are medications targeted at specific steps within the HCV life cycle. DAAs are molecules that target specific nonstructural proteins of the virus and results in disruption of viral replication and infection. There are four classes of DAAs, which are defined by their mechanism of action and therapeutic target. The four classes are nonstructural proteins 3/4A (NS3/4A) protease inhibitors (PIs), NS5B nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NPIs), NS5B non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NNPIs), and NS5A inhibitors
Hepatitis C medicines
Hepatitis C is treated using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablets.
DAA tablets are the safest and most effective medicines for treating hepatitis C.
They're highly effective at clearing the infection in more than 90% of people.
The tablets are taken for 8 to 12 weeks. The length of treatment will depend on which type of hepatitis C you have.
Some types of hepatitis C can be treated using more than 1 type of DAA.
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