Ape together strong, but the orangutans don’t really like to stick together, because they are solitary.
They really like sticks though, very versatile tools for them. Recently, some news articles were made claiming they are the first non-human animal to be seen self-medicating. That statement is actually incorrect, they are not the first, but still a remarkable observation though. So, are they really the wise and smart animals like what they are depicted as in popular media? Let’s talk about it.
Timestamp
0:00 Opening thought
0:38 General Information and Taxonomy
1:32 Characteristics
5:37 Lifestyle
9:42 Intelligence
11:52 Fossil record, palaeogeography, and extinction
Footage
Mirror Test: • Orangutan mirror self-...
Video Game: • Great Ape Gamers
References
Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M.P., Nurcahyo, A., et al. (2017). Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species. Current Biology, 27(22): 3487-3498. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09...
Oishi, M., Ogihara, N., Endo, H., Ichihara, N., & Asari, M. (2009). Dimensions of forelimb muscles in orangutans and chimpanzees. Journal of anatomy, 215(4), 373-382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2...
Kuze, N., Malim, T.P., & Kohshima, S. (2005). Developmental Changes in the Facial Morphology of the Borneo Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): Possible Signals in Visual Communication. American Journal of Primatology, 65:353-376. dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20121
Winkler L. A. (1989). Morphology and relationships of the orangutan fatty cheek pads. American journal of primatology, 17(4), 305-319. doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350170405
Dunkel, L. P., Arora, N., van Noordwijk, M. A., et al. (2013). Variation in developmental arrest among male orangutans: a comparison between a Sumatran and a Bornean population. Frontiers in zoology, 10(1), 12. doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-10-12
Kralick, A. E., O'Connell, C. A., Bastian, M. L., et al. (2023). Beyond Dimorphism: Body Size Variation Among Adult Orangutans Is Not Dichotomous by Sex. Integrative and comparative biology, 63(4), 907-921. doi.org/10.1093/icb/icad015
Hardus, M. E., Lameira, A. R., Zulfa, A., et al. (2012). Behavioral, Ecological, and Evolutionary Aspects of Meat-Eating by Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii). International journal of primatology, 33(2), 287-304. doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-95...
Lameira, A.R. & Hardus, M.E. (2023). Wild orangutans can simultaneously use two independent vocal sound sources similarly to songbirds and human beatboxers, PNAS Nexus, 2(6), pgad182. doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pga...
Lameira, A. R., & Call, J. (2018). Time-space-displaced responses in the orangutan vocal system. Science advances, 4(11), eaau3401. doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3401
Russon, A.E., Compost, A., Kuncoro, P., & Ferisa, A. (2014). Orangutan fish eating, primate aquatic fauna eating, and their implications for the origins of ancestral hominin fish eating. Journal of Human Evolution, 77: 50-63. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014...
Morrogh-Bernard, H. C., Foitová, I., Yeen, Z., Wilkin, P., et al. (2017). Self-medication by orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) using bioactive properties of Dracaena cantleyi. Scientific reports, 7(1), 16653. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16...
Laumer, I.B., Rahman, A., Rahmaeti, T. et al. (2024). Active self-treatment of a facial wound with a biologically active plant by a male Sumatran orangutan. Sci Rep 14, 8932 doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58...
Harrison, T., Jin, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhu, M. (2014). Fossil Pongo from the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna of Chongzuo, Guangxi, southern China. Quaternary Internationai, 354: 59-67. doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014...
Outro
Bubbles Drifting in the Morning Breeze - Artificial.Music & Akosmo
• Bubbles Drifting in th...
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