A concrete cold joint is when you already have concrete that has been actuated (hardened and cured) and new concrete is added to it. For example, you have made a concrete pad, but now that it is finished, you actually want it to be a little bit bigger or maybe you didn't have enough concrete to do the job all at once. The "joint" or meeting of the new concrete and the old concrete is what is referred to as a concrete cold joint.
This meeting of new and old concrete in a cold joint can be problematic. The weakened bond between the concretes means that this is a spot that the concrete can separate or delaminate and start to fail early. This could cause a small problem that can be fixed easily or a very big problem that is very hard or not possible to fix.
A high velocity concrete application, such as shotcrete, is one of the only ways to apply new concrete to old concrete without a cold joint. The force at which the new concrete meets the old concrete is strong enough that the new concrete penetrates the old concrete to form a firm bond between the two surfaces.
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