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What Is A Tsunami? Causes, Types, Shocking Real-Life Examples
Description:-
A tsunami is a series of powerful ocean waves generated by a sudden disturbance in the Earth's crust, usually caused by an undersea earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. These waves can travel across entire ocean basins at speeds up to 500 miles per hour, causing immense destruction when they reach coastal areas. 🌊
Causes of Tsunami:
Undersea Earthquakes: The most common cause, where tectonic plates suddenly shift and displace large volumes of water.
Volcanic Eruptions: Explosions or collapses of volcanoes can cause sudden water displacement.
Underwater Landslides: When sediment or rock falls into the ocean, it pushes water and creates waves.
Asteroid Impacts: Rare, but large asteroids hitting the ocean can generate massive tsunamis.
Types of Tsunamis:
Tectonic Tsunamis: Caused by undersea earthquakes, usually at tectonic plate boundaries.
Volcanic Tsunamis: Triggered by volcanic eruptions, either through explosions or the collapse of a volcano.
Landslide Tsunamis: Generated by underwater landslides, where a large mass of sediment shifts suddenly.
Meteorological Tsunamis: Caused by atmospheric disturbances like rapid changes in air pressure (though less common).
Largest Tsunamis in the World:
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Over 230,000 lives lost across 14 countries.
2011 Tōhoku Tsunami, Japan: Caused by a Magnitude 9.0 earthquake, leading to massive devastation, including the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Over 15,000 deaths.
Tsunamis are powerful and destructive natural events, but with proper understanding, preparedness, and technology, we can reduce their impact. 🌍
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