I would like to clarify that when I mention that coal ended with the end of the Carboniferous period, I mean that its formation decreased with the arrival of plant decomposition. However, it is true that coal continues to form in subsequent periods, albeit on a smaller scale.
Coal is a sedimentary rock widely used as a fossil fuel. The majority of coal formation occurred during the Carboniferous period, as indicated by the name of this geological period.
In those ancient times, the accumulation of dead plants was not decomposed by any specialized organism until fungi capable of producing oxidative enzymes, such as peroxidase, evolved. These enzymes were able to break down lignin, an essential element in the formation of fossil fuel, and thus return the carbon to its original state. With the appearance of these fungi, the formation of coal was significantly reduced in subsequent periods.
DOCUMENTARY: THE DECLINE OF MINING • El ocaso de la minería...
The origin of coal in Spain dates back millions of years to the geological era known as the Carboniferous. During this period, extensive swamps and forests developed in what is now Spanish territory. These areas were populated by a wide variety of plants and trees, such as giant ferns and conifers.
As these plants died, they accumulated in the swampy areas, forming layers of organic matter. Over time, the layers of plant material were compressed under the pressure of overlying sediments and underwent anaerobic decomposition. This process, known as diagenesis, led to the formation of coal.
The formation of coal is a slow process that can take millions of years. As the layers of plant material became increasingly compressed, the temperature and pressure increased, causing the dehydration and concentration of carbon in the organic material. Over time, this process resulted in the formation of different types of coal, such as peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite, which vary in their carbon content and physical and chemical properties.
Spain has significant coal deposits in various regions, such as Asturias, León, Palencia, and Teruel. These areas have a long history of coal exploitation, dating back centuries. Coal has traditionally been used as a source of energy in industry and electricity generation, although in recent decades it has lost importance due to the transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
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