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Nearsightedness (myopia) is a common vision condition in which near objects appear clear, but objects farther away look blurry. It occurs when the shape of the eye - or the shape of certain parts of the eye - causes light rays to bend (refract) inaccurately.
Nearsightedness (myopia) is when close-up objects look clear but distant objects are blurry. For instance, you can read a map clearly but have trouble seeing well enough to drive a car.
Nearsightedness is a common eye focusing disorder. It has been on the rise for several decades. It is estimated that by 2050, nearly half the people in the world will have nearsightedness.
Nearsightedness: Myopia Types
High myopia and low myopia. Mild nearsightedness (generally less than 3 diopters of myopia) is also called low myopia. Moderate nearsightedness or myopia is 3 to 6 diopters of myopia. Severe nearsightedness (more than 6 diopters of myopia) is also called high myopia. Nearsighted children usually become more nearsighted as they age, but their glasses prescription usually stabilizes in their 20s.
Nearsightedness: Myopia Symptoms
Some of the signs and symptoms of myopia include:
eyestrain,
headaches,
squinting to see properly, and
difficulty seeing objects far away, such as road signs or a blackboard at school.
Young children with myopia might not complain about their blurry vision, so eye exams and vision tests are important in young children. Some kids are born nearsighted, and some don’t become nearsighted until their teen years.
Nearsightedness: Myopia Causes
For you to see clearly, light rays must travel through the front layers of the eye (the cornea and lens). The cornea and lens work together to bend the light so it lands on the back layer of the eye, called the retina. The retina then sends a signal to your brain that allows you to see.
With nearsightedness, the shape of your eye prevents light from bending properly, so that light is aimed in front of your retina instead of on your retina. For example, the cornea at the front of your eye may be too steeply curved, or your eye may be longer front to back than normal. In either case, the light rays fall short of the retina. When light is not focused on the retina as it should be, your vision is blurry.
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