The period after the Scythians and Xiongnu, before the Türkic Kaganate, called the "Hunno-Sarmatian", in the historiography of Central Asia, is quite interesting, because the cultures of this era differ from both the previous "Scythian" and the subsequent "Turkic". Chronologically, this period falls between the II century BC and the V century AD and can also be referred to as the "Xiongnu-Xianbian" time. To make it easier to imagine this period and realize its importance in global history, it was around this time that there was an alternation and mixing of people with different Western and Eastern genetic and anthropological profiles. And it is quite possible that there was also a replacement of languages, mainly towards Turkic.
Among several cultural traditions in the vastness of Central Asia, after the Ulug-Khem culture, a transition from the Scythian period, the Kokel culture on the territory of Tuva stands out from the 1st century AD. And this review is exactly devoted to the work published this year, with the results of field research in 2018-2019. the southern periphery of the early Scythian burial mound Tunnug-1, the Tuvan "Valley of the Kings" of the 9th century. BC BC, where much later objects of the Kokel culture of the 2nd-4th centuries were concentrated. n. e., whose representatives reused this place already for their ritual purposes.
Special thanks for the creation of the video to the head of the excavation and one of the authors of the described scientific work - a researcher of the Department of Conservation Archeology of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Timur Rashitovich Sadykov.
And also I would like to thank for the help in the photo and video material:
Anna Klochko is a member of the International Archaeological and Geographical Expedition of the Russian Geographical Society for the exploration of the Tunnug barrow in the Tyva Republic.
And Valery Makarov
#tyva #archeology #history #science #anthropology #anthropogenesis #Tunnug
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Sections:
00:00 Introduction
01:58 Kokel culture, general information
02:59 Burials
05:10 Anthropology
06:55 Ritual objects
08:12 Settlements
11:16 Results
13:31 Object 46
14:46 Object 33
17:34 Object 22
19:46 Results
24:51 Conclusions
Main source:
Sadykov T, Caspari G, Blochin J, Lösch S, Kapinus Y, Milella M (2021) The Kokel of Southern Siberia: New data on a post-Xiongnu material culture. PLoS ONE 16 (7): e0254545. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
Additional materials: archeo.academia.edu/timursadykov
Iron metallurgy of the Xianbei period in Tuva (Southern Siberia)
Author links open overlay panel Evgeny V. VodyasovaIvan, S. Stepanov, Timur R.Sadykov
doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103160
S.I. Weinstein, V.P. Dyakonova
Monuments in the Kokel burial ground
late 1st millennium BC - the first centuries A.D.
// Proceedings of TKAEE. T. II. M.-L .: 1966.
Selected photo, video content and sketches:
Timur Sadykov, Anna Klochko and Valeria Makarova
Additional illustrations:
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=(number from the list)
Cangminzho - CC BY-SA 4.0, 67396245
Joanbanjo - CC BY-SA 3.0, 18654276
shakko - CC BY-SA 3.0, 6097308
shakko - CC BY-SA 3.0, 6097293
B - CC BY-SA 4.0, 45059485
Vladimir - CC BY-SA 4.0, 45057754
Zamunu45 - CC BY-SA 4.0, 57705993
Alexandr frolov - CC BY-SA 4.0, 46483541
Негізгі бет Ғылым және технология What was after the Scythians and the Huns, before the Turkic khaganate on the territory of Tuva
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