To clarify some confusion! The king of the Hittites during the Battle of Qadesh was Muwatalli II and not Muwatalli III😁
@morielrorschach8090
2 ай бұрын
I get how the name of the city of Ramses had to have been named after Ramses. Although I don't see how this prohibits the possibility that the Israelites could have been used to build unnamed store house cities (which after they left) could have been named after Ramses. And your point about the distance between where the slaves were and Pharoh's seat is certainly a fair one to consider. Although there's a possibility that slavery wasn't exclusive to a single city, and that Moses went to Pharoh (who had some local slaves), even if others were elsewhere. The 10 plagues weren't instantaneous and consecutive, all happening in a single day... the process could have taken quite some time. We only know that they left after the final plague on passover. But I don't understand how the synchronisms you mentioned suggest one way or another for the date of exodus. Ramses fought with the Hitites and therefore was certainly contemporary with the people he fought against... But it seemed to be a rather local battlefield, rather than a massive war that covered the entire territory from the capital of Egypt to the capital of the Hitite territory. Whether there were uninvolved Canaanite tribes along the way or uninvolved Israelites, there were clearly people that didn't join in. What about that synchronism contradicts a tribe with a foothold in an area (which was not yet established as a kingdom)?
@methylmike
9 ай бұрын
its alarming you are mispronouncing many of these egyptian words
@psylegio
Жыл бұрын
From what I hear the introduction of chariots to Egypt is very well attested and sets a definite date, earlier of which Joseph could not have been riding one.
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
Yes! The Hyksos introduced the chair to Egypt dating the Exodus however I think Pi Ramesses and the Merneptah Stele support a Late Date as well
@psylegio
Жыл бұрын
@@amolinguas absolutely!
@501Mobius
11 ай бұрын
Wrong actually, "Amenemhet II and the Sea: Maritime Aspects of the Mit Rahina (Memphis) Inscription Expedition goods from Lebanon," list of raw materials and goods : six-spoked wheels 60 This is hundreds of years before the Hyksos
@psylegio
11 ай бұрын
@@501Mobius that is interesting!
@ArtVandelay-i8p
Жыл бұрын
This Gentleman is correct. Even the Bible in Genesis 47.11 states that Joseph' father was given land "in the land of Ramses." Exodus 12:37 states that the Exodus started when the Hebrews left the "City of Ramses." It was in the Bible (KJV, Torah and Jewish Bible) all along.
@DarrenGedye
11 ай бұрын
@@gordondetotth9302why not?
@morielrorschach8090
2 ай бұрын
You're not suggesting that the city was named Ramses when Jacob et al. were given the land, correct? It wasn't named Ramses when the Israelites were first given land, but they were given land that would later be named after Ramses. A key disagreement is that popular academic opinion seems to be that this area was named Ramses after Israel arrived but BEFORE they left. Whereas early-date proponents consider the possibility that it could have been renamed after they left. That later manuscripts could have used updated just like we're comfortable referring to them leaving "Egypt" (even though it was certainly not called "Egypt" when they left, it's what we now call the land they left).
@georgesparks7833
6 ай бұрын
Well 👍
@wcdeich4
Жыл бұрын
Maybe you should make a video about the Berlin pedestal later.
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
I probably will haha
@kameel68
Жыл бұрын
Did the pharao of the Exodus not drown in the Red Sea?
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
So, the word נער means to shake off or overthrow as it is used in Exodus 14:27 and Psalm 136:15 therefore he didn't drown, according to the text
@tylerx099
Жыл бұрын
Now I heard that Ramesses first born son died by an injury of some sorts. What is the solution to this? I heard Dr. Falk explained it one time, I just don’t remember the explanation that was given
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
Falk would disagree that we have the body of Amun-her-khepsesh but alludes to the notion that we may or may not have his body. He admits he doesn't know. We have a skull that would seem to lead us to say it could be him but we aren't 100% sure.
@tylerx099
Жыл бұрын
@@amolinguas I think they found multiple skulls in the same chamber where his organs are.
@ancientegyptandthebible
Жыл бұрын
The reading of the Berlin Pedestal as "Israel" is a joke. However, that was a great video!!!
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
Agreed! You can't even read that part of the inscription; it's cut off
@501Mobius
Жыл бұрын
There are a finite number of Egyptian symbols. Couldn't someone try a mix for the partial or missing symbols and come up with a number of possible names? An 'Israel' reading does present a logic problem for literalists. Why can't Israel even conquer one important Canaanite town in 200 years with an army of 600,000 soldiers?
@ancientegyptandthebible
Жыл бұрын
@@501Mobius It think there is an etymological problem with that reading as well, as well as a solution. It really frustrates me that I haven't had the time to finish that article and get it published. 😣
@charliesmith3777
Жыл бұрын
Amenhotep III is the historical pharaoh of the Exodus and his successor Akhenaten became a monotheist because of the 10 plagues. Radiocarbon dating for Shishack's invasion is dated to 871 BCE. That means Solomon's 4th year falls in 906 BCE thus dating the Exodus in 1386 BCE. An astronomical text called the KTU 1.78 dates the 12th of Akhenaten to 1375 BCE and his first year in 1386 BCE, the year of the Exodus. So the pharaohs of the Exodus were actually Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten).
@theelf29
Жыл бұрын
Brilliant overview outlining your position. Just one quick query: you state that Amun-her-khepeshef died in year 40 of Ramesses II's reign. I thought he disappeared from the records some years earlier, around year 25. Is there some new information I'm missing? Also, as the other side seem to have a penchant for checklists to "prove" that Amenhotep II (or whoever) is the pharaoh of the exodus, I've devised one of my own, which proves conclusively that Ramesses II was the man in question: - The only pharaoh who ordered the construction of a city with a name even remotely similar to Raamses - ✔.
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
What I found out was that Amun-her-khepsesh did in the 40th regnal year of Ramesses II that Amun-her-khepsesh was 20-25 when he died. Yeah, they seem to love checklists but that's not exactly how they works😉
@theelf29
Жыл бұрын
@@amolinguas many thanks for the clarification. I do believe I'm going to have to go down an Amum-her-khepeshef-themed rabbit hole now!
@MrPeanut288
Жыл бұрын
First !
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
🤣🤣🤣🤣
@YRD9648
Жыл бұрын
Algorithm comment! But also, do we know anything that would forbid the supply cities (or storehouses or what have you) being built before Rameses II moved the capital? Exodus 1:11 So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities for Pharaoh. This would obviously appear to be long before Rameses took the throne. Thanks and blessings to you!
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
Yes!!! Hahaha. Ramesses II built the city of Pi-Ramesses. So, because the city didn't exist before Ramesses II, the storehouses also didn't exist
@YRD9648
Жыл бұрын
@@amolinguas Forgive my confusion, but doesn’t the biblical narrative indicate that the Israelites built or at least started to build the supply cities before Rameses II, since that would be before the Pharoah of the Exodus? Since Rameses II would be the Pharoah that Moses confronted and at this point in the narrative Moses has not been born yet?
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
@YRD9648 Moses was alive during the reign of Ramesses II however, the slaves built the store cities most likely during his reign. I actually think and, I'm spitballing here, that Moses was born during the reign of Ay or Horemheb, the final two Kings of the 18th dynasty
@YRD9648
Жыл бұрын
@@amolinguas Right and agreed, my question concerns the Israelites building Pithom and Rameses being discussed in chapter 1 of Exodus, since Rameses does not come to power in the narrative until after chapter 2. After all, Moses is born in Chapter 2 which, as you point out, may have been during the reign of Ay or Horemheb and thus before Rameses II. My thinking is that the meaning would be that either the text is discussing that the Sons of Israel would go on to build those cities or that they began to build the supply cities, but those are pure guesses on my part. For the record I am persuaded of the late date and Rameses II being the Exodus Pharoah, I find the early date woefully unpersuasive, this is just a question that popped into my mind while reading the text and listening to your video.
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
@YRD9648 no worries! I think it's indefensible as a position, honestly. There are too many factors against it namely the archaeology and a misreading of the text to start
@nateloper
Жыл бұрын
Some problems here, Adam. 1. The Amarna letters were not written to kings or rulers in the Levant as you stated. They were written FROM them to Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. 2. The Amarna Letters were not used to move from and Egyptian High Chronology to a Low Chronology by some Egyptologists. It was the Heliacal Rise of Sothis as recorded during the 9th regnal of Amenhotep I and the assumption by some the observation took place in Thebes, rather than the traditional Memphite/Heliopolis location. This has been refuted by the fact the later Ptolemaic records name Heliopolis as the place of record and it was the traditional location. The Egyptians were very good time keepers. They would know the heliacal rise did not take place on the same day between Memphis and Thebes. Therefore, they would. Ly switch to Thebes to set their annual festivals and calendars. The High Chronology remains the most accurate according to Egyptian records. 3. It’s not true that Thebes was the capital throughout the 18th and 19th Dynasties. Excavations by Manfred Bietak show a palace was built by Ahmose I (founder of the 18th Dynasty) in Avaris. It was a location frequented by pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty, and pharaohs often ruled from and launched campaigns into the Levant from Lower Egypt during that timeframe. The journey from Goshen to Thebes argument is moot. 4. Additionally, Amenhotep II himself was born in Lower Egypt and ruled from there. It’s noted he himself grew up in Peru-Nefer (Avaris) in the land of Goshen where the Hebrews were. 5. The Merneptah Stele is agreed by most to actually strong evidence AGAINST a Rameses II pharaoh of the Exodus. The text on the stele (which I’ve studied for myself in person) does mention them as a people group established in Canaan, but not a nation. This is because it was written during the time of the Judges before Israel has a king and formal government in place. However, is refers to them as an established people in the land. This would not be possible, as you seem to forget they wandered in the wilderness for 40 years after the Exodus and it took years for the Conquest of Canaan. It cannot be a reference that supports a Ramesside exodus. 6. 1 Kings 6:1 provides as a primary source the date for the Exodus. “In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites went forth from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv (the second month), he began to build the house of the LORD.” Solomon began to rein in 970 BC. Therefore Scripture provides a direct date for the Exodus of around 1446 BC, refuting a Rameses II exodus pharaoh, but coinciding perfectly with the beginning reign of Amenhotep II and matching what Josephus tells that the pharaoh of the Exodus had only “recently received the government”.
@501Mobius
Жыл бұрын
Two royal signet rings of Amenhotep III (r. 1386 - 1349BC) were found in tombs in Jericho by Garstang. That is post 1406BC. According to Garstang Pharaoh Amenhotep III, reign dated at the time to 1414-1377 BC. Unfortunately (for the early date) synchronisms provided by the Amarna Letters showed that this was incorrect. Thus, putting paid to the 1406 BC date of Jericho's destruction. With an army of 600,000 men why couldn't Israel conquer Canaan and the philistine lands in 200 years? Memeptah still sees them as a people without a city in 1210 BC. And without seed. The Amarna Letters show there were no Philistines in Canaan at the time of the letters. Yet, according to the early Exodus date, Joshua 13:3 has them in 5 cities around 1400 BC. Shamgar 196 years later, around 1210 BC strikes down 600 philistines. The Philistines don't make an attested appearance in Canaan until around 1180 BC. In 1360-1332 BC the various town mayors were still writing about their loyalty to the king. There are no Judges holding Israelite cities at that time. The historical date of the Exodus would be in 1270-1260 BC. The Book of Judges is inaccurate chronologically. Instead of 480 years taken literally it is 586 years from leaving Egypt to the 4th year of Solomon. A number of towns are said to have been conquered by Joshua only to not be conquered in later books.
@amolinguas
Жыл бұрын
I'm just now seeing this! Excellent points, Mobious!!
@DarkBladeShdw
Жыл бұрын
Thebes was the capital of Egypt for the entirety of the eighteenth dynasty (exception being for a short period during Akhenaten) and for the first twelve or sixteen years of the Nineteenth dynasty until the death of Seti 1.
@nateloper
Жыл бұрын
@@DarkBladeShdw Sorry, this is incorrect. It’s a well known fact Amenhotep II had his capital in Lower Egypt, where he was born. Even his father, Thutmose III launched multiple campaigns from there. Thebes wasn’t the capital for the entirety of the 18th Dynasty. No Egyptologist I know makes that claim.
@DarkBladeShdw
Жыл бұрын
@@nateloper "It’s a well known fact Amenhotep II had his capital in Lower Egypt" That is just objectively false. No pharaoh of D18 had his capital in Lower Egypt. Even Akhenaten, the only exception to Thebes among that dynasty, still had his capital in Upper Egypt. Now I'll get into your main comment. "It’s noted he himself grew up in Peru-Nefer (Avaris)" This is false. Amenhotep II was raised in Memphis. Also, you confused the port of Peru-Nefer with the city of Avaris itself, which is like confusing Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, AZ with Phoenix itself and referring to certain attractions as being in Sky Harbor. "The Merneptah Stele is agreed by most to actually strong evidence AGAINST a Rameses II pharaoh of the Exodus" This is objectively false. "This would not be possible" Also false, as the late date has the Israelites arriving in Canaan just in time for them to have already conquered at least something by the time of Merneptah. "1 Kings 6:1 provides as a primary source the date for the Exodus." Unironically referring to a text that was written several centuries after the exodus as providing a primary source for anything about it. By the time the author of 1 Kings was even born, everyone who was alive during the exodus and all their descendants down to at least the 15th generation was already dead. 1 Kings isn't even a primary source for any of the events it records, as it was written around 300 years after the last event it mentions. Furthermore, no temple dedication inscription anywhere in the ancient near east that mentions a passage of time from a past event to the temple's dedication gets that amount of time exactly accurate down to the year. The intention is more likely to choose a number that is numerologically significant than to record the actual amount of time that passed. "but coinciding perfectly with the beginning reign of Amenhotep II" 1446 BC does no coincide perfectly with the beginning of Amenhotep II's reign. In fact, he wasn't even born yet, and didn't become pharaoh until around 1426 BC, twenty years later.
@Lestibournes
Жыл бұрын
According to Biblical chronology the Exodus happened around the year -1312.
@blusheep2
Жыл бұрын
Biblical chronology is not as black and white as it appears to be at first glance. It is full of idioms and historical markers that date it that don't conform to the wooden reading of the time passage between events.
@Lestibournes
Жыл бұрын
@@blusheep2 that's an interesting way of looking at things, but still you should start with the date in the Bible, if only to rule it out. Instead I never see it mentioned but all kinds of dates centuries before or after are mentioned. Then when those other dates don't fit that's used to discredit the Bible, instead of causing them to reexamine their guess about the date
@blusheep2
Жыл бұрын
@@Lestibournes I agree. You can start with assuming its literal but must you must be willing to challenge that wooden translation if there is good reason to do so later. The wooden interpretation of the dates presents incredible challenges to the scriptural claim. First, in order to reconcile these problems, literal defenders have had to shift all of Egyptian chronology which has the effect of destroying at least 40 historical synchronisms.
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