With Brazil's entry into the war, the conflict now extends to all inhabited continents - truly a World War in every sense. While Vargas is nowhere near as distasteful as his former friends Hitler and Mussolini, Roosevelt’s welcome of him as an ally in the war for "freedom over oppression" is perhaps slightly disingenuous. Of course, the world is never black and white, and when fighting a war of survival, you'll take any allies you can get, right? It's always enjoyable to look beyond those countries which dominate the historical narrative of the war, often it is here that the most interesting stories lie. Please make sure to keep our rules of conduct in mind when commenting. community.timeghost.tv/t/rules-of-conduct/4518 Cheers, James
@zanychelly
3 жыл бұрын
Back then, different from now, Brazil knoew how to play the game. Currently, apparently, Brazil has a bunch of stupids in control. Since 2006, by the way.
@diegofrantz9628
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas legacy is extremely difficult to judge in Brasil. On the one hand he created the workers rights that are still in use, began industrialization, and created many other laws that gave people many of the current benefits we still use however he was also a dictator and never really cared about democracy. When it came to what was his position in politics I can only use his words: "I have no enemys so strong that can't become my friends, and I have no friends so strong that can't become my enemys".
@zanychelly
3 жыл бұрын
@Kirk Wolfe no, I am kind of saying he knew how to play his game. He didn’t need to declare any war, like the US also didn’t want to get involved in the 2nd WW up until the US was dragged into it. Unlike the current Brazilian leaders that managed to get on the bad side of both, Us and China…. Just because they are stupid. Brazil just don’t need to pick a side between US and China, up until it is needed. 12:30 sumarizes it well.
@lucasjleandro
3 жыл бұрын
@Kirk Wolfe bullshit. White Supremacist? Are you crazy, I Live in Brazil Bro
@gorebello
3 жыл бұрын
After Japan joined the war the allies lost access to 90% of the rubber market in the planet. I'm aware that Brazil became a priceless source of it, but I can't find numbers and what alternatives the allies had. How important was Brazil as a rubber source for the war effort? Love you guys, nice to see you cover my nation.
@matteoorlandi856
3 жыл бұрын
brazialian troops enetered Tortona (italy) near where i live and freed it in 1945. every year they (the citizens of Tortona) hold a cerimony with the brazilian military atachè to thank them for theyr effort :)
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for sharing, Matteo!
@fernandobiasi5013
3 жыл бұрын
Greetings from Brazil!
3 жыл бұрын
It's so sad to realize that our Italian brothers and sisters give more respect to the FEB than anyone here in Brazil. Cheers from a Brazilian who still honors the FEB!
@squamsh122
3 жыл бұрын
That is such a cool fact, thanks for sharing. What is the ceremony like?
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
That same state mentioned in the video (Rio Grande do Sul) which had tons of germans, was also a state that got tons of italian immigrants... AND the birth state of Vargas. AND one century before WW2, that same state saw a revolution that lasted from 1835 to 1845. And Giuseppe Garibaldi fought in it. It was during his role in this revolution that he met his wife Anitta, which he took with him to Italy, where he would unify the country.
@kenobi90000
3 жыл бұрын
A foreign history content creator finally said Getúlio right.
@thenoobgameplays
3 жыл бұрын
On the Sabaton History episode of the song Smoking Snakes some people corrected him on the comments, nice to see him trying to improve the pronunciation. Ps: e eu sei que tu é brasileira.
@joaoliduario
3 жыл бұрын
Yes. It was close enough... but... federáciau vintê chinco de rulho was pretty bad. :P Although pronunciation is the last of my concerns. The overall content was far more realistic than our schools show(at least from my time).
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
I'm taking my bows in front of the computer.
@joaoaugustolandim
2 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo Just remember that J and G are pronounced exactly like in french, not like spanish.
@edgar46026
3 жыл бұрын
"USSR bring the soda, USA bring the snacks" - Getúlio Vargas, probably
@edgar46026
3 жыл бұрын
In retrospect, the joke would have been better if I had written Germany instead of the USSR. Oh well
@rorymosley9356
3 жыл бұрын
You could have just edited it 😂
@altobonifacio8936
2 жыл бұрын
Nowadays, China bring the soda and USA the chips
@chenglongyin2232
3 жыл бұрын
I love the fact that when there is a new country which entered the Allied Powers. There would have its flag along with other powers. Such a detailed background. Good job Indy and others!
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your support!
@コリンウォールド
3 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo what are you guys going to do in 1945 when everyone but sweeden has declared war on germany
@Lisdexanfetamine
3 жыл бұрын
Since last videos i had already noticed the Brazilian flag, then i knew he was up to something... Brazilian here 👌🏼
@MinecraftGamerYOLO
3 жыл бұрын
Well, Greece fought bravely against the Axis (and the government in exile continues to do so), but the Greek flag is not present.
@robertm.8653
3 жыл бұрын
@@MinecraftGamerYOLO yeah, what's up with that? Maybe it considers the nations who still have claim over SOME lands? Like the Free French have in Africa but Greece is fully occupied
@zumb42
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas followed a policy similar to Franco in Spain.. When the war turned unfavorable to the axis, he approached the allies. The difference is that it cost Franco several years of isolation, while Brazil gained industrialization and became a benchmark for the United States in the region.
@MrGoldenAssassin1
3 жыл бұрын
I think franco feared an axis assault through the french border if he joined the allies, while brazil is far away in the new world
@igorokinamujika2073
3 жыл бұрын
@M J I think it had more to do with the fact that the country was recovering from a brutal civil war (which meant its economy was worse than normal) and that Franco owed his victory to the Nazis and Italian Fascists. He even sent some "volunteers" to fight against the URSS with the Nazis. As for resources, Spain did provide worlfram to Germany. So I think the allies distrust towards the regime in the post-war period was understandable. PD: Flamenco being a universal custom in Spain is a false stereotype. In reallity, its mostly an andalusian thing.
@lpfbjorge
3 жыл бұрын
Brazil also peacefully reverted back to democracy as soon as the war ended. Spain not so much
@cd6xc
2 жыл бұрын
Getúlio played both sides for leverage, but he knew that, in an event of a WW involving the US, they would never let Brazil side with their enenmies, too much of a strategic point. He was smart in haggling over the price, but if he refused because of some ideogical reasons, the americans would be ready even to invade parts of Brazil.
@ChrisCrossClash
2 жыл бұрын
@@igorokinamujika2073 Yeah there is no question if Franco had recovered his country from the civil war, he would have declared war on Britain and help Germany take Gibraltar.
@thenoobgameplays
3 жыл бұрын
Finally, nice to see my country here. I have been reading Denilson de Oliveira book Hitler's brazilian Soldiers (Os soldados brasileiros de Hitler), which is about german-brazilian soldiers that fough for the Reich despite having conection to Brazil during the war, with at least one case of a soldier in 1943 refusing to fight brazilians in Italy and choosing to fight the soviets on the Eastern Front, going to Hungary. De Oliveira also has another book called Vargas german Soldiers which is the contrary of the first book. It's a very interesting book and if it had a english translation it would more than help on future videos of the channel, be it on specials, regular episodes, or simply fun facts. Edit: I only noticed now that this video was posted a day after the aniversary of his passing, as Vargas killed himself with a gunshot in august 24th 1954.
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
That's interesting. I didn't read the book but I read some of the interviewed the author had and apparently most of those soldiers if not all were in Germany before the war, basically as a case of return migration. Military service for descendants in Germany was also mandatory, so Brazil didn't even punish the ones of then who chose to come back after the war.
@Archer89201
3 жыл бұрын
That guy should have stayed in Italy where atleast his hope of survival would be decent compared to the meat grinder in the Eastern Front
@thenoobgameplays
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE yes, it they were in Germany before. That guy i mentioned returned to Germany mere days before the start of the war.
@thenoobgameplays
3 жыл бұрын
@@Archer89201 he survived. The book is basicly interviews with former german-brazilian soldiers of the Wehrmacht, which all of them survived. In 1945 he was going to Berlin to fight on the protection of capital but then the war ended, which he started to run away from the russian front and became a POW of the US. He was known as Der Amerikaner and i'm still on the part where he's on a POW camp.
@Archer89201
3 жыл бұрын
@@thenoobgameplays lucky bastard
@laurenceingram7314
3 жыл бұрын
Brazilian Dictator Mac: "I'm playing both sides so I always come out on top" Hitler & Roosevelt: "I don't think you are supposed to tell us"
@TPDManiacXC626
3 жыл бұрын
That’s my strategy for when I learn the ropes on how to play Tropico 6. I am an idealistic city builder, but for progress and access to better tools and upgrades, it’s risky but beneficial if you play both sides to win.
@pedroserrao4924
3 жыл бұрын
I'm very glad to see my country here on WW2. Thank's by the respectfull and precise discription of what happend.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Hi Pedro, thank you for your support! Glad you enjoyed our video.
@francispaniagua4228
3 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo Will you guys cover my country (Paraguay) during those years? It's still a long way to go but it would be so nice. Thank you for your good work!!!
@des12zero
3 жыл бұрын
Indy: A fascist leader, joining the anti-fascist united nations, to fight a fascist coalition. Ioannis Metaxas: Am I a joke to you?
@seneca983
3 жыл бұрын
Metaxas' hand was forced because Italy invaded. Vargas did have the conceivable option of just staying out of the conflict (at least for the time being) but he chose otherwise.
@stevekaczynski3793
3 жыл бұрын
Turkey joined the Allies towards the end of the war, remaining neutral for most of it. But it was a one-party state, sometimes described at the time as "semi-fascist", although post-war its government succumbed to pressure to hold multi-party elections.
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas fascism is still disputed to this day. In history college most teachers agree he wasn't one(even left-leaning teachers). Plus Brazilian fascism is better represented by the Integralistas party of Plinio Salgado(and even then, not so pro-germany as you would believe).
@raphaelalexandre2855
2 жыл бұрын
@@kinsmart7294 é porque tanto direita e a esquerda do Brasil se inspiram no facista chamado Getúlio Vargas.
@marciocorrea8531
2 жыл бұрын
Vargas was not a "fascist". He was a well educated man and, besides, very intelligent. He never acted under "ideological" reasons. He was a nationalist above all: got the best people around him, invested in industrial and economic infrastructures, created research centers, etc. Fascists only get mediocre and yesman around. Vargas had a top level cabinet.
@lucas49342
3 жыл бұрын
Indy, you captured Vargas' intentions in an excellent manner. First time I ever saw it in a non-Brazilian source.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much!
@andromidius
3 жыл бұрын
Just goes to show how much of a mixed bag the 'Allies' were - a weird coalition of Conservatives, Liberals, Socialists, Communists, Anarchists and Fascists.
@pascalausensi9592
3 жыл бұрын
Anarchists?
@LuanMower55
3 жыл бұрын
@@pascalausensi9592 yeah i though that one was weird too
@StickWithTrigger
3 жыл бұрын
@@pascalausensi9592 i guess because French,Spanish and Czech partisans had anarchists
@3dcomrade
3 жыл бұрын
Anarchism is dead by 1939. Heck, even now the term "anarchy" Is used to illustrate chaos. Who wants to be associated with the harbringer with chaos?
@StickWithTrigger
3 жыл бұрын
@@3dcomrade *drinks shot* so there’s this guy Horus right…
@Duke_of_Lorraine
3 жыл бұрын
Germany sinking neutral ships... didn't learn lessons from the last war, did they?
@ville307
3 жыл бұрын
1:18 "Despite the anti-democratic nature of his regime though, he retains close ties to US." How is that weird in worth mentioning, especially in South America?
@spartacus-olsson
3 жыл бұрын
In the time we’re describing, the anti democratic regimes on the right were very much orienting themselves to the Nazi and Fascist regimes in Germany and Italy. There were not yet any anti-democratic regimes to the left outside of the USSR. You’re thinking of the post WW2 situation.
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
@@spartacus-olsson I'd say Brazil is more comparable to Turkey or Portugal in this. Neither case is all that surprising and the allies didn't have a problem with those countries anti-democratic tendencies as far as I'm aware.
@spartacus-olsson
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE yeah, I think you misunderstood me there. I didn’t mean to imply that the Allies were reluctant to work with undemocratic countries… it’s quite evident they had no such qualms. After all, one of the major Allies was the biggest undemocratic nations on the planet… it was in which direction the smaller nations themselves were orienting that I commented on.
@diegos1325
3 жыл бұрын
Hey, I'm not sure if you guys are aware, but there seems to be an error with the subtitles around 9:10, with the subtitles rapidly proceeding before it's actually said on video
@krisfricke5538
3 жыл бұрын
My paternal grandfather was a German living in Brazil (his parents had migrated from Germany in 1913 though he was born there himself), he has said he faced a lot of racism during the war for being German (and they were not at all supporters of Nazism), including an angry mob looting the family house while the police stood idly by.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
That's truly sad, but thank you for sharing it with us!
@Mussolinibenitooo
4 ай бұрын
Quanto vitimismo por parte do teu avô
@Tadicuslegion78
3 жыл бұрын
Brazil: *looks at the situation* I could let my fascist tendencies cause the Americans to overthrow me or I could join with the Americans and not get overthrown by them….yet
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
Fascist tendencies? The fascist party had been forbidden in Brazil at the time. Regardless, the form of "fascism" that most influenced Vargas was not one which the allies had a problem with: the Portuguese new state
@cwovictor3281
3 жыл бұрын
Ironically, it was overthrown in favor of something *more* fascist later down the line. Y'know, Cold War and all. Politics are a strange beast indeed.
@Tadicuslegion78
3 жыл бұрын
@@cwovictor3281 Latin American Country: Just how fascist do we have to be for you to leave us alone? America: Around Franco level works for us
@LuizSMatos-dr9tz
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE Facism was very strong in Brazil by that time.
@robertohexsel3763
3 жыл бұрын
@@LuizSMatos-dr9tz "at that time"? What about "since 1500"?
@Bruno_Wosniak
3 жыл бұрын
I'm glad to see that a fellow countryman (Oswaldo Aranha) born in the same city as me was cited so many times! Another interesting fact is that the 1937 constitution presented is called "constituição polaca" here in Brazil, it is named and greatly inspired by the polish constitution of 1935, that was made for Józef Pilsudski to allow autocratic powers.
@Morggennstern
2 жыл бұрын
my grandfather was 12 y/o in 42, he lived by the coast and said that a time after the sunks he saw a few trucks parked, he lived in a poor area so it was unusual for him, out of curiosity he decided to climb into one of them and take a look at it, that when he saw the bodies of the sailors of the sunken ships, that scared him for good, he run back to home and stayed there until my grand grand father arrived at home told me that he had nightmares for a couple of weeks after that.
@Morggennstern
2 жыл бұрын
i also had a great uncle that served on the scort ships, but he died when i was only 12 and he never talked about the war with anyone but my greataunt
@WorldWarTwo
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for sharing about your grandfather's experiences. I can't imagine how difficult it must be to see things like that.
@lucasphilippini620
3 жыл бұрын
Greetings from Brazil!
@vitoravila9908
3 жыл бұрын
Great stuff, as usual...a few comments i'd like to add - The brazilian immigrant community included not only Germans, but considerable amounts(over a million) of Italians and Japanese. This crackdown against Nazi propaganda extended to all those 3 nacionalities and included the mere use of German language in public or even associations such as sports clubs( the club "Germania" became "Pinheiros" - Pine trees - and "Palestra Italia" became "Palmeiras" - Palm Tree" in São Paulo and "Cruzeiro" - Cross - in Minhas Gerais. - This Vargas' "paradox"(a Fascist fighting alongside democracies and communists against fascists) eventually became his downfall in 45 - After the war, due to it's large German population and many nazi sympatizers, Brazil became kind of a safe haven for fleeing nazis, such as Josef Mengele, Angel of Death, that lived in Brazil till his death in 79, although not to the same extend as Argentina - This still plant was called CSN, Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (National Siderurgy Company), the first heavy industrial plant in Brazil, started production in 1946. My grandpa was in the first "generation" of employees, worked there till his retirement.
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
Brazil was like AXIS paradise. The 4 major immigrant groups at the time were probably Italians, Germans, Japanese and Spaniards.
@Smogne
3 жыл бұрын
Most of my family was involved with the CSN in the 40s all the way to the 80s; one of it's directors was my Grandmother Brother for example. Hell, I studied in the CSN technical school back in 2009!
@ericcarlson3746
3 жыл бұрын
um Mengele wasn't in Brazil IIRC. wasnt it Argentina?
@vitoravila9908
3 жыл бұрын
@@ericcarlson3746 Argentina from 49-59, then a short stay in Paraguay, arriving in Brazil in 1960, where he lived until his passing in 79.
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
There was no paradox and no downfall. In the election of 1945 his public support was extreme, his military support as well, the candidate who won(Dutra) was endorsed by the queremismo party PTB(the ones who wanted vargas himself to become an candidate) so much so that the motto of the PSD(Dutra's party) was "An vote for Dutra is an vote for Getelio". Later the same would be confirmed when he indeed got elected as president.
@danielfraga5756
3 жыл бұрын
Yessssss, I am Brazilian. Finally someone talks about Brazil in WW2, very good.
@lucasithegreat2711
3 жыл бұрын
In 3:19 btw the burning of the State flags ceremony happened in Rio, not São Paulo and it was in 1938 not 37, it took place in the old praia do Russel beach, which don't exist anymore due to land reclamation of the urban reforms of the 1960s. Btw this ceremony was registered in a newsreel, just search for "queima das bandeiras 1938".
@gustavotoniato
3 жыл бұрын
The video was really cool, but there's only one very important conceptual error. Vargas was never a fascist. He was a member of a republican tradition developed in Rio Grande do Sul, with a positivist base, called Castilhismo.
@mikerodrigues9822
3 жыл бұрын
The pronunciation of Getúlio Vargas was almost perfect, but the German Association "Federação Vinte e Cinco de Julho" (25 July Federation in direct translation) was a mix of Portuguese and Spanish, with subtitles going the same route.
@maxheadrom3088
Жыл бұрын
Another comment: In Brazil, Germans, Italians, Ukrainians, Poles and Russians all live in the southern region. A lot of FEB soldiers were, like in the US, of German and Italian descent.
@WorldWarTwo
Жыл бұрын
Correct
@ter464
3 жыл бұрын
Cant wait to see the hoi4 focus tree about Brazil in a South America DLC. Never knew how complicated the relatonship and involvement of Brazil and other South American countries was in the war.
@jec3830
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas ideology was inspired by Júlio de Castilhos, former governor of Rio Grande do Sul, region which Vargas was from. Castilho's way of thinking and government was before Fascism and even before WW1, it was nothing to do with Mussolini ideals and doctrine
@IrishTechnicalThinker
3 жыл бұрын
That ivory waist coat is beautiful.
@ericcarlson3746
3 жыл бұрын
maybe Indy is emulating Vargas and that snazzy US ambassador in the use of tropical white
@derrickthewhite1
3 жыл бұрын
The more I watch videos like this one the more I come to appreciate that while the Nazis were the most powerful fascists, they were far from being the most typical, and if you want to understand what fascists actually are they are a confusing place to use as a baseline.
@simplymadness8849
3 жыл бұрын
I don’t think Hitler or any Nazi for that matter ever described themselves as fascist.
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was hardly an fascist. he banned the fascist party in the 30s and in the 40s and 50s he actually turned into an left-leaning populist. its all about the power. The thing is the leftits hate when an non-commie gets love from the people and actually improves worker's conditions, so they have to make mental gymnastics to bash him.
@pokefan-ix7sh
3 жыл бұрын
Brazil was one of the Allies of World War II. It was also the only Ally from South America to provide troops. The country made significant contributions to the war effort. They sent an expeditionary force to fight alongside the allies in the Italian Campaign. The Brazilian Navy and Air Force helped the Allies in the Atlantic from 1942 until the end of the war in 1945.
@maxheadrom3088
2 жыл бұрын
Wow! I'm from Brazil and I'm learning a lot! BTW, Vargas was from Rio Grande do Sul. Vargas was the bloodiest dictator we had and the most important. The Cohen Plan, btw, that the 1930 Revolution claimed to be opposing, was actually manufactured by Vargas' people. Before Vargas we have a period known as the Old Republic. From1822 until 1889 Brazil was a monarchy. In 1888, Princess Isabel abolishes slavery with the Golden Law and that led, one year later, to Economic powers with the Military to, through a coup, end the Monarchy and start the Republic. However, the early presidents are incompetent land owners who rule for themselves using "gut feelings". The 1930s Revolution is, in the opinion of many local Historian, the creation of modern Brazil. Vargas creates the State structures like the Office of Geography and Statistics, creates the first labor legislations, creates the cultural symbols to unite Brazil based on the indigenous peoples cultures and folklore (at the time, the African culture from the many enslaved peoples who were brought to Brazil was already an integral part of our culture). Vargas plays what is known as The Pendulum Policy to get the most from the US, actually. Vargas was not a fascist but he did play the game with heavy hand: sent the wife of a communist leader, Luiz Carlos Prestes, Olga Prestes (a Jewish Russian) to Germany. The forces against fascism in the armed forces were strong having the highly respected General Cândido Rondon against it. (PBS has a doc called Into The Amazon about Rondon and Ted Roosevelt's adventures in the Amazon forest - very good). I saw a lecture here on KZitem about "Why US Generals were so good in WWII" (something like that) and the lecturer, a journalist and historian specialized in military subjects, told that Gen. Marshall came to Brazil in 1939 to start talks with Vargas. Vargas leaves the Presidency after WWII and we have a democratic period that lasted until 1964. Vargas was re-elected in 1950 and killed himself - wrote "I live life to enter History and this bullet will kill my opposition" (paraphrased) and, well, he did both things. Brazil sent 25,000 troops to Italy - a lot of those of Italian and German ascent. Italians to this day love Brazilians because our troops would skip breakfast and give their rations to the local children. Another group of soldiers, however, is forgotten even in Brazil: the Rubber Soldiers. Since Malaysia had fallen to the Japanese, an effort to produce rubber was started here. There were promises to those who would go into the Amazon forest collect the material. 35,000 died from Malaria and no promises were fulfilled. Brazil got not only industry but also cultural assets: Orson Welles was sent here to make a documentary that he never finished (interesting story, btw) and Disney did a Brazilian character, José (or Zé) Carioca (Rio's Joe on a free translation). Vargas made Brazil into an industrialized country with a State structure that keeps Brazil running to this day. When he died, he was known as The Father of the Poor. His dictatorship was the bloodiest we ever had. His ideas of a Brazil culturally united still stand. One evidence that he was not a Fascist is his minister, Oswaldo Aranha, who later would put to vote the division of Palestine in the UN assembly. There's a street and a museum dedicated to him in Israel. Candido Rondon created the Indigenous Peoples Protection Service in 1922 and was appointed to the Nobel Peace Prize for his works with those populations but when the Royal Academy asked for documents, Brazilians sent only his work as a geographer. He did not win the prize but did something more impressive: changed Ted Roosevelt's opinion about indians!!! Just trying to complement here - from memory. Lots of information I did not know on this video, sir: thanks!!! Brazilian troops in Italy made 35,000 German POWs. I saw an interview with a veteran and he was asked about helping the POWs. The veteran replied: those POWs were our enemies when they were fighting - as POWs, they became people just like us and we couldn't let them starve. This is one of the reasons Brazil opens the UN assembly since the organization was founded. To be honest, there are very few things to be proud in Brazil - but this one keeps me hopeful every day!!!
@indianajones4321
3 жыл бұрын
Great video
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it.
@rutnoemichamie2035
3 жыл бұрын
Yay! Today I managed to catch up and watch the video the day it was released :) I learnt about this channel last September when I discovered Sabaton History (late, I know). After catching up with that channel, I started The Great War in November 2020 (even later, I know) and then I continued with season 1 of "Between Two Wars" while watching the post-war videos on TGW in synch. Only after finishing B2W I started on this channel - while keeping up-to-date on all the others. And because my fiancé and I have different work schedules and therefore different lunch schedules, in the last year I've had more lunches with Indy and team(s) than with my fiancé. Thanks for accompanying me with great history lessons in what would have been lonely boring lunches. I've been watching your videos at all times of the day, but it was at midday when I enjoyed them the most.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
We are really glad to hear you enjoy our content so much! It's been a very tough 18 months and we've all had to adapt to being far more isolated so it's great to know we helped in a small way!
@maciejkamil
3 жыл бұрын
I always thought that Brazil was democratic during WW2. I didn't know that there were fascist countries among allies.
@art5169
3 жыл бұрын
Yeah vargas dictartoship last from 1937-1945
@Canalbizarrof
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was above all a pragmatist. Not much ideology but to always come out on top, so it's hard to call him a fascist
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
The previous governnent before Vargas was also hardly democratic. Just take an look at the elections during Brazil's old republic, the last election before Vargas made his coup had Washington Luis win with 99,84% of the votes.
@AnvilMAn603
Жыл бұрын
We remember, no surrender Heroes of our century Three men stood strong and they held out for long Going into the fight to their death that awaits Crazy or brave, will it end in the grave? As they're giving their lives As their honor dictates Far, far from home to a war Fought on foreign soil and far Far from known tell their tale Their forgotten story Cobras Fumantes, eterna é sua vitória
@georgewilliams8448
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for all the videos about little known topics related to the 2nd World War. It helps place the entire conflict into more context as you point out all the little things that add up to the big things. Thank you again.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@irgendwer3610
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was an interesting guy, he was really popular among the brazilian population, but people wanted him as a president and not as dictator. He really knew how to make people like him and appease the opposition. Even when shit hit the fan against him, he still managed to come out as a "victim" by killing himself to be remembered as the non-agressor. I believe he also wanted to improve the Brazil's image internationally, with the whole thing of making a brazilian Dysney character. Edit: read the replies for some corrections
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
The Americans created a Brazilian Disney character to improve their image down here, not the other way round. As for the people's opinion of Vargas, that was not why he left power - had he been allowed to run in 1945 he'd most likely have won. It was the political and military establishment which forced him to resign in 1945, made him not run for the first free and open elections and then later led to his suicide in 1954, which was not done in order for him to "come out as a victim", but to be prevent his rivals' escalation of a fabricated political crisis to open way for a military coup, which would end up happening in 1964 but which Vargas's suicide delayed by 10 years
@irgendwer3610
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE great reply, shows how little I know
@Smogne
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE Pretty much that. Vargas killed himself to hold the coup (if that was the intention/ only intention no one knows... the guy that did kind shoot himself)... he pretty much bought us 10 years
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
They wanted him either way, the thing is an part of the military become opposed to him and supported the UDN party candidate Eduardo Gomes(one of the members of the 18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt) so he avoided an coup by having elections called in(he also managed to extend it for quite some time due to WW2).
@jstevinik3261
2 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE "Brazilian Disney character". Are you referring to José Carioca from Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros?
@diegofrantz9628
3 жыл бұрын
Been wanting this episode for years!!!
@Arauto_Kagnos
3 жыл бұрын
Excellent video.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@leonardopsantos
3 жыл бұрын
The last comment is very profound: "A fascist leader, joining the anti-fascist United Nations, to fight a fascist coalition". This was Vargas downfall. It was not lost to the returning troops that they had just fought for democracy but were returning to a dictatorship. This crated unbearable pressure and Vargas was forced by the military to renounce the presidency on the 29th of October, 1945.
@flask0390
3 жыл бұрын
Hard to believe how unstable Brazilian democracy was back then. Good that this has changed...
@Canhistoryismylife
3 жыл бұрын
(Hysterical Laughter turns into sobbing)
@art5169
3 жыл бұрын
Actually always has been We had 3 dictatorships and a LOT of coups in our history
@Darwinek
3 жыл бұрын
Brazil is not for amateurs :)
@GAndreC
3 жыл бұрын
At that time Brasil was still in charge of how much influence foreign interests have in their nation this has not been the case for a long time
@kinsmart7294
3 жыл бұрын
What democracy? Vargas was an dictator, an loved and perhaps an desired one but an dictator nonetheless. After the empire fell Brazil had 100 years+ of provisional govenments.
@SteveVi0lence
3 жыл бұрын
Can you cover the vatican and argentina and the rumors of Nazi adventures in the artic and if hitler escaped, and maybe ask if C&Rsenal can collab with y'all... Would love to see more interesting info
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
That's a lot of requests! Don't worry, some of what you've asked for is already in the works.
@SteveVi0lence
3 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo awesome! Can't wait!
@ZewdPlays
3 жыл бұрын
"It seems that once again, national concerns trump international ideology" And here me now: They. Always. Will.
@douglasturner6153
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was smart to hedge his bets and look out for Brazil's own national interests. Otherwise no one one else would give a damn. Franco as well although he was in a more precarious position due to Spains location. Mussolini and Italy would have faired much better if they'd stayed neutral. Ironically so would Hitler. He would not have had that southern front that ended up diverting and draining his military resources and provided bases for his enemies to attack Germany. And Italy would have been a good conduit to bring in oil and other badly needed foreign resources.
@mannyfernandez1713
3 жыл бұрын
It would be interesting to know the role of Venezuela in the war
@ricardokowalski1579
3 жыл бұрын
We had our own succesion of military dictators Juan Vicente Gomez -> Eleazar Lopez Contreras, and during the war Medina Angarita, whom opened the door for the socialists. Overall Venezuela was strategically and militarily insignificant, the oil production was not relevant yet, but it was nice to deny Venezuela's oil to the germans. Please note that the Italian-german-english blockade was still fresh in the venezuelan leaders minds ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903), so there was not much simpathy there, and some measure of subordination to the US and the Monroe doctrine. Also...lots of spanish refugees fled from Franco to Venezuela, and brought first hand accounts of modern warfare, nobody wanted to get dragged into THAT.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
It's difficult because we can't just cover every country associated with the war. We did Vargas and Brazil because it's especially relevant to our current timeline. We also tried to talk about the wider South American context in this as well so people got a broader sense of what was going on in the region. Never say never but it is unlikely we will do a full episode devoted to Venezuela.
@mannyfernandez1713
3 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo oh well no worries, still looking forward to the next South America episode, as well as the regular ones, thanks for the reply
@jstevinik3261
2 жыл бұрын
@@WorldWarTwo Makes sense. It would be nice to make a single video on the contributions of Latin American countries, i.e. counter-espionage in Chile, Mexico sending one squadron in the Philippines, Venezuela sending oil, most central American countries declaring symbolic war, etc.
@naveenraj2008eee
3 жыл бұрын
Hi Indy Awesome narration.. Lots of history learned... Special applause to newman.. Thanks for the video..🙏👍
@LuizSMatos-dr9tz
3 жыл бұрын
Excelente vídeo! You guys got it right.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it!
@ricardokowalski1579
3 жыл бұрын
Min 4:00 That was a good try to say "julho" 😁👍. The "federação", was closer to italian. In both cases, the effort is appreciated.
@WilliamLessa
3 жыл бұрын
If anyone is interested there's an amazing biography of Vargas by author Lira Neto. It's a must-read about Brazilian history and Latin American politics
@matheusmendonca355
3 жыл бұрын
I love the channel, but there is some issues that are absolutely necessary to understand Getúlio Vargas history that were not included in this video. First of all, the Coffee and Milk Republic (yes, this is a real name), the Constitucionalist Movement of 1932, the Tenentista movement and the coup of 1930. I know its a short video, its focused on the WWII part, but without this, we cannot even see the surface of how complex this guy was. Just a curiosity, my family still have to this day a photo of Getúlio in our family album (there are some photos of 1930 and before even). And just to be clear, I'm a critical to a LOT of stuff that he did, but he was the first one to change some stuff into modernization and his acts are still refleted around the world until this day.
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
I agree. Even just talking more about other third world countries like Turkey and Argentina, though, would help paint a better picture of how politics in these countries are not the same as European politics, and in what ways
@3dcomrade
3 жыл бұрын
Difference between such modernizer dictators is how corrupt they are. They might have a good plan, but once they became corrupt they stayed that way til their deaths
@matheusmendonca355
3 жыл бұрын
@@3dcomrade I have to say that the main issue that I disagree with him was his autoritarian ways. There are no real accusations against Getúlio for corruption, but he was and absolut autocrat. Also, there are two episodes that where not included in this video that are central to understant his time as a leader, that were the way he shifted Brazil to be more industrial against the oligarquies whises that where in power before him and the Cohen Plan, an absolutely false document that he used to persecute communists and other political enemies. And also I have to bring that his 1930 coup was exactly against these elites and it was a final nail in the coffin in a political structure centered in a viciously repetead between presidents from just two states (São Paulo and Minas Gerais). This political structure was the Coffee and Milk that I said in the comment before, and during all it's existence, they faced numerous rebellions, strikes that incorporated an already natural system of political persecution and fraud elections. The 1930 Coup was centered specially in this dominance by São Paulo and Minas Gerais and had a huge popular support, that's why he beggined his presidency with a LOT of aproval.
@matheusmendonca355
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE A guy that wrote really well about this time was Hobsbawn, you should take a look.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
You wanting broader context is quite understandable but this episode was not a rundown of what Vargas achieved and got wrong. It was about how he steered his country through neutrality and then into war. We feel like we did a pretty good job at that. It would have been nice to also talk more about his rule on its own terms but that's pretty difficult to do with such limited time and resources. Think of this as a history of Vargas and Brazil through the diplomatic lens of World War Two, rather than a comprehensive history in its own right.
@daviddura1172
3 жыл бұрын
well done
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@doid3r4s
3 жыл бұрын
Amazing video as always!
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
We're glad you liked it!
@CmdrEdem
3 жыл бұрын
GV was an authoritarian through and through. He borrowed from fascism and held sympathies just as long as those helped him cement his own power. The Integralist Party, closest thing Brazil had to a fascist party, was part of Vargas political base during the 30's, to help against the communists. In '38 the integralists attempted a coup against Vargas. If that was only on account of the ambition of their leader, Plinio Salgado, or irreconcilable political differences I don`t know, but Vargas was not strongly linked to any political party.
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was definitely authoritarian during periods of his rule, and particularly during all of WW2, but he was not ideologically aligned with authoritarian ideologies. As you mentioned, he had no political parties back then and simply moved as the political winds demanded him to so he could continue in power and continue advancing his agenda of centralizing power in the national government, solidifying the Brazilian nation state and developing a modern economy (industrialization and urbanization, although he never managed to do the land reform he had wanted since before 1930).
@AndreLuis-gw5ox
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE a dictator is a dictator, regardless of what he believes
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
@@AndreLuis-gw5ox He was a dictator in some parts of his rule (Estado Novo) and not in others (Constituição de 34 and Presidency in the 1950s). How is that being a dictator through and through, then, if you want to go with this black and white picture?
@3dcomrade
3 жыл бұрын
@@FOLIPE you can apply the same defend for Soeharto. Doesnt change he is a dictator
@beachboy0505
3 жыл бұрын
Western historians have often misunderstood Brazil 🇧🇷 In the early 20h Century, they were on equal status with the USA 🇺🇸 militarily and economically. The military power of Brazil 🇧🇷 ensured peace in South America. They also skilfully separated themselves from a great colonial power. European powers will always have wars. Like the USA 🇺🇸, Brazil 🇧🇷 will only do what's best for them. Even today, little has changed. Great video 📹
@CrazyAssault
3 жыл бұрын
love your work
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@ThePinkus
3 жыл бұрын
1:04 explaining why You shouldn't stand next to the hind of a horse, also known as how a horse tells You to stop pricking his side
@Foralltosee1623
3 жыл бұрын
Nazi Party: So when are you going to join up in our Facist Club. Vargas: That's the neat part I'm not!
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
US in 1940: we don´t like fascists. 20 years later in 1964: here, let's help the brazilian military coup and install fascism in Brazil again, to avoid Soviet influence.
@deprogramm
3 жыл бұрын
military rule isn't fascist
@felps1917
3 жыл бұрын
>Brazilian military >fascist Pick one!
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
@@deprogramm Not necessarily. It can even be communist. But the brazilian military rule had several fascist traits in terms of government intervention in the economy, state owned companies, keynesianism (large projects sponsored by the government, that resulted in a huge external debt and inflation in the 80s) On the other hand, Chilean military dictatorship under Pinochet started quite clearly in a fascist style, including a central figure (Pinochet) that never existed in the Brazilian Junta. But Pinochet in the 80s implanted a neoliberal economy that is quite the inverse of fascism That never happened in the brazlian military dictatorship.
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
@@felps1917 lol, only an imbecile would not realize several fascist characteristics of the brazilian military dictatorship. "Fascism (/ˈfæʃɪzəm/) is a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism[1][2] characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy" "Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through protectionist and economic interventionist policies." - authoritarian ultranationalism - check - dictatorial power - check - forcible supression of opposition - check - mixed economy - check - protectionism - check - economic interventionism policies - check The only thing that the Military Dictatorship of 64 lacked to be completely called fascist was a single, strong dictator. Imagine if Bolsonaro decided to install a dictatorship (I mean, he and supporters clearly support the 1964 coup). He would be the strong charismatic leader lacking in 1964 to be a complete fascist state.
@lupus5338
3 жыл бұрын
@@rogeriopenna9014 Some people wouldn't consider Fascism as far-right... more like a third sphere.
@gunman47
3 жыл бұрын
Get ready for the incoming Brazilian comments! HUE HUE HUE...
@albiagioni100
3 жыл бұрын
Weeeell... why not? 🤷🏻♂️😂
@AltaryaDeFlammes1996
2 жыл бұрын
great video, small mistake on the captioons tho, its "Federação Vinte e Cinco de Julho", not Vinte y Cinco, the y as an "and" is something from spanish, not really a thing in portuguese
@markmierzejewski9534
3 жыл бұрын
I think an interesting topic would be How did Liechtenstein remain neutral during the war and not be incorporated into Germany. When nations all around we’re being gobbled up
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
We could do and never say never but it's not all that different from the Swiss story. In fact, Lichtenstein relied on Switzerland a lot throughout the war. Check out our video on the Swiss here: kzitem.info/news/bejne/rW1qvIeBbV9mmGU
@RainingMetal
3 жыл бұрын
So basically the World Wars era of Tropico 6.
@vasilerogojan4520
3 жыл бұрын
Getulio Vargas is dead but Jail Bolsonario is still in power as in 2021.
@jfilho1966
Жыл бұрын
Amazing Program and very well produced, Five Star...
@JackSwagger97
3 жыл бұрын
my great grandfather (who i never met of course) was a small town fisherman and a victim of an german U-boat.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
May he rest in peace
@gaiustesla9324
3 жыл бұрын
top class work.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@leuris_khan2
3 жыл бұрын
Great Getúlio Vargas ♡
@Danielattianesi
3 жыл бұрын
Hello Indy and crew, I've been following great work from you guys for a while (from indy so since he started to present the WWI channel I followed everything). I'm a Social Sciences academic from Brazil doing my Phd in Sao Paulo now. In more than 10 years at the university, I have never seen any serious researcher simply treat Getúlio Vargas as a fascist. This is far from the national historiographical consensus on what we call the "Era Vargas". Vargas was definitely an authoritarian populist who played both sides in the WW2 era. But in Brazil there was already a fascist movement in the figure of Integralism and its leader Plínio Salgado (this one was a Brazilian representative of fascism). Anti-communism even brought the two together at one time, but Vargas soon came to power and severed all ties and persecuted the fascist integralist party as well as the communist party. While the narrative of a fascist country against fascists is interesting, it does not fit the historical facts. And one more thing, which I believe to be interesting to the episode. The Estado Novo was established from a myth (such as the myth of the backstab of the Germans), here in Brazil the "Cohen Plan" was created where military and integralists falsified a supposed "communist coup" plan in the country, this was a interesting subject because it was in the anti-communist and anti-Semitic spirit of the time looking like the false "protocol of the wise men of Zion". They wish that if they couldn't put something in the video, at least James would fix a comment explaining. Cheers from Brazil!
@FiasaPower
3 жыл бұрын
To say Vargas was sympathetic with fascism is to be reductionist. Vargas was from a generation of southern brazilian politicians who were adept of French positivism. Some of their ideas were similar to later autocratic fascism (executive-centered government, technocracy, etc), but they are significantly older and different than fascism itself. The most fascist brazilian political movement by this time was "Integralismo", whose main representative was Plínio Salgado. Of course there were some differences between "integralistas" and their Italian counterpart, but they were clearly inspired by them. The key to understand brazilian proximity with Nazi Germany in the early 1930's is the 1929 crash: Brazil's money reserves went completely empty, and we no longer could afford imports. Nazi Germany, also affected by the lacking of international reserves, offered many countries a form of "direct trading", not involving any kind of money. This made Germany a natural commercial partner for Brazil: we provided them commodities and they traded industrialised goods in return. Historians called this form of direct trading "comércio compensado" (something like 'compensated commerce', if such an expression exists in english). Very good video though. Cheers.
@johgekpoint6299
3 жыл бұрын
"modern war makes for strange bed fellows"
@Nicolasgusso
3 жыл бұрын
Yep, that's Getúlio, the guy was smart. He knew exactelly when and how to get in and out. He is still considered a great statesman to this day in Brazil
@paralleluniverse99
3 жыл бұрын
No, he's not. lol
@FOLIPE
3 жыл бұрын
@@paralleluniverse99 he is though
@art5169
3 жыл бұрын
@@paralleluniverse99 mesmo sendo um ditador ele modernizou o pais Se não fosse pelos governos dele a gente estaria bem mais atrasado
@brunogrieco5146
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was a political genius. He also acquired support from both the communist and the fascist party (aka Integralists) and afterwards put both leaders in jail. As of today, he is still revered as a great leader.
@andyhughes5766
3 жыл бұрын
Does it get better than Indy Neidell??? Not a chance!
@antopov6559
3 жыл бұрын
Come to Brazil!!!
@ErokLobotomist
3 жыл бұрын
Thumbnail sort of looks like a young Tony Robinson from Time Team lol
@jaguareye5631
3 жыл бұрын
In January 1942 the war was still in its way and wasn't possible to ensure the victorious side. Brazil cut ties in January 1942, one month after "Pearl Harbor". The video is very good! Congratulations for the work! But this final analysis is not perfect!
@WorldWarTwo
2 жыл бұрын
What part of the "final analysis" do you have a problem with, exactly?
3 жыл бұрын
Indy could have mentioned an episode of Sabaton History too, the one dedicated to the Smoking Snakes.
@rogeriopenna9014
3 жыл бұрын
but he DID make a whole video about it on the Sabaton History channel!
3 жыл бұрын
@@rogeriopenna9014 and it's a great video, so that's why I said that he could have mentioned it here :)
@josedavidgarcesceballos7
3 жыл бұрын
Glad to see this topic here. I think you might find Mexico behaving similarly, although because of different reasons... Cheers mates.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Cheers!
@fritzfromsouth5935
2 жыл бұрын
Getúlio had the allies and the axis at his disposal, but he knew of the growing influence of the United States, and he knew what would happen if he stayed on the other side.
@CARL_093
3 жыл бұрын
Can u featured vietnam during ww2 as they proclame independence as a republic under ho chi min
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
We most likely will do something on Ho Chi Minh a bit later in the war.
@DMS-pq8
3 жыл бұрын
Basically once the war started the Royal navy was going to stop any trade between Germany, Italy and the outside world so Brazil had very little to gain by being friendly was the Axis
@robertkras5162
3 жыл бұрын
Call him a fascist? whats the difference between fascists, communists, and the US at this point? not much.
@stevenleslie8557
3 жыл бұрын
That was really good! Thanks
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
We're glad you liked it!
@NigelDeForrest-Pearce-cv6ek
5 ай бұрын
Fascinating!!!
@brenokrug7775
3 жыл бұрын
Talk about pragmatism. Brazilian foreign policy has always been fascinating and ingenious. Of course only Bolsonaro could fuck that up.
@brenocoelho5304
3 жыл бұрын
Excelente vídeo
@danganmachin8349
3 жыл бұрын
Talk about realpolitik...
@AspieBaka
Жыл бұрын
Como sempre, o Brasil mostrando ao mundo o seu gingado.
@WorldWarTwo
Жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching
@sode07
3 жыл бұрын
Love the content that is not taught in history class
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@johnthefinn
3 жыл бұрын
Very perceptive!
@mateuscarmona7765
2 жыл бұрын
I’m from Brazil, and I loved this video so much. I dislike Vargas, but he was actually a shrewd politician.
@WorldWarTwo
2 жыл бұрын
Glad you enjoyed it Mateus 🇧🇷
@DonTitoNYC
2 жыл бұрын
Can you do the Dominican Republic's perspective of World War II?
@ecmpinho
Жыл бұрын
Vargas was inspired by his own conveniences, as Péron would in Argentina years later. He was praised by leftists and conservatives, fascists and communists. Yes, it is that ridiculous.
@RUBENS9645
2 жыл бұрын
It's interesting that brazilian traditional historiography usually refrains on calling the Estado Novo altright fascist, preferring the term "a right-wing dictatorship with fascist inspirations"... well i agree that is a pretty euphemistic way to describe it, it is true that Vargas was pragmatism encarnated, never adopting a "faction", and playing absolutely everyone to his music. The way he use the Integralists (an brazilian facist organization inspired by Mussolini) and then throw them away when they were not useful anymore is proof of that.
@mariofranciscofrancadasilv7929
2 жыл бұрын
Not only that, we exported massive quantities of rubber to the alies and if we had entered the nazi side, they would have been able to make a line between Brazil northeast and the north part of africa, closing the south atlantic to the alies. To be honest, Vargas jus wanted to see who would pay us more, US gave us the companhia siderurgica nacional a gigantic industry of steel production (realy, it has the size of a city).
@miguelfornari
3 жыл бұрын
Just to add one more fact: Italian language was also prohibited.
@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526
3 жыл бұрын
Vargas was an old fox.He changed his political attitudes according to the moment. He was once a part of the corrupt old republic ,later became a populist, by late 1930's a quasi-fascist dictator and finally a nationalist, fighting against international capital. His suicide note was a masterstroke , the population turned into a rage mob against his enemies.Singlehanded postponed a coup d'etat by the army and the elite for 10 years. Vargas is a problematic historical figure here in Brazil. He had monumental achievements (workers rights,industrialisation,Petrobras national oil company, the creation of a brazilian identity),but his government was corrupt,he censored the press,tortured people and even colaborated with the nazis (he extradited a pregnant jewish communist spy to Nazi-Germany).
@edyoung646
3 жыл бұрын
fantastic take as usual spot on - great to be alive in an era of historical revelation AND synthesis, "Pan Am at War" (Hill & Vaz, 2021, buried in other news) uses a major haul of new FOIA info esp on china, s. america & africa with jaw-dropping revelations. Panagra, owned by Pan Am and WR Grace, cleared south american skies of nazis bedfore pearl harbor, an epic tale involving allen dulles, then assigned to the commerce deparrtment among others in a colorful cast.
@WorldWarTwo
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@TheArizonaRanger.
3 жыл бұрын
Just kind of curious if anyone has a link or info on US snipers during WW2. I'm having a hard time finding anything.
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