The Xi'an Muslim Quarter (Chinese: 西安回民街) is a snack and commercial street situated in the center part of Xi'an, China. It is close to the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower. Shehui Road is to the east, Zaoci Lane to the west, West Avenue to the south, and Hongfu Street to the north. There are ten mosques in the area. The biggest one is the Great Mosque, which was listed as the state-level protected heritage for its traditional buildings and religious significance. According to demographic statistics in 2010, about 60,000 people live in this area, more than half of which are the Huis and the others are the majority Hans. In the past few decades, Xi'an Muslim Quarter has become a well-known tourism site which is famous for its culture and food. It attracts visitors from all over the world each year.
History
The history of the Xi'an Muslim Quarter can be traced back to the Tang dynasty, when Muslim merchants came to and aggregated in Chang'an, today's Xi'an, via the Silk Road. After that, from the Five Dynasties to the Song dynasty, the Muslim population started to reside around Da Xuexi Street and Huajue Great Mosque. Later, in the Ming dynasty, the town hall of Xi'an was located beside the drum tower, which was a traditional building used for timing, quite close to the quarter. This aggregated a large number of wealthy merchants and thus nurtured a commercial lifestyle mainly led by the Muslim inside the quarter. Following the Ming dynasty, the "Three Mosque and Thirteen Blocks" pattern was formed in the Qing dynasty. Even though the Shan Gan Muslim Rebellion of the late Qing dynasty ruined a large number of Muslim neighborhoods in Northwestern China, Xi'an Muslim Quarter was not affected because of its highly commercial status and protected location inside the city wall. The Middle Mosque and the West Mosque were built in 1919 and 1920 respectively, further developing the quarter into a "Nine Mosques" pattern.
Later, with the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of religious activities in the mosques ceased, especially during the Cultural Revolution. The mosques in the quarter were either turned into factories or occupied by other organizations. During this period, only the Great Mosque and Sajinqiao West Mosque were in use. Such condition was changed by the policy "Basic stand and policy concerning religious problems during the Socialist Period" released by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, allowing the closed or occupied mosques to reopen. Moreover, several new mosques were built based on the previous pattern, and the quarter was eventually developed into a "Twelve Mosques" pattern.
Residents
In China, Muslim residents have a typical living tradition known as ″spread widely throughout the country, but concentrated in particular locations (da fensan xiao jizhong)″. Muslim's living style of predominantly living in one or two regions contrasts with other ethnic groups in the country. Ma contends that this phenomenon is related to the Muslim's religious psychology. Due to the need to attend worship ceremonies, Muslims tend to live around mosques. This kind of living pattern is also observed in this area. Same as the Muslim people in other Chinese cities, most Muslim residents in this area conduct family-based businesses. Approximately 70% of the local residents in the area work in private businesses. As one of the busiest marketplaces within Xi'an historic urban core, this place is favorable to local businessmen, but also generates many traffic and environmental problems such as traffic jams and exhaust fumes in the narrow district roads
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