毛越寺は、岩手県西磐井郡平泉町に所在する寺院。境内は国の特別史跡、庭園は「毛越寺庭園」として特別名勝に指定されています。平成23年(2011年)には、世界遺産に登録されました。
寺伝によれば嘉祥3年(850年)、中尊寺と共に、第3代天台座主の慈覚大師円仁が創建。その後、大火で焼失し荒廃しますが、奥州藤原氏二代基衡と三代秀衡が壮大な伽藍を再興しました。吾妻鏡によれば、堂塔40・僧坊500が建ち並び、当時は中尊寺をしのぐ規模だったといいます。金堂円隆寺は、金銀、紫檀を散りばめ、その荘厳さは「吾朝無双」と評されました。
嘉禄2年(1226年)の火災と、戦国時代には戦禍に遭い、長年の間、土壇と礎石のみを残す姿となっておりました。江戸時代は仙台藩領内となり、寛永13年(1636年)、伊達政宗の死去に際し、当時の本尊の釈迦三尊が政宗の菩提寺である瑞鳳寺(宮城県仙台市)に遷されます。
明治後半には、新しい本堂や庫裏を南大門跡の外側に建立。大正10年(1921年)に、一関城の大手門を移設し山門としました。大正11年(1922年)、国の史跡に指定。
毛越寺境内遺跡は、昭和29年(1954年)より五か年にわたり発掘調査がなされ、その規模や構造などの全容がほぼ解明されております。境内には平安時代を偲ばせる、礎石等の遺構が多数残っており、浄土庭園は平安時代末期の遺構として、毛越寺を象徴する存在となっており、平安時代の伽藍形式を示すものとして学術的価値が高く評価されています。浄土庭園とは仏堂と苑池が一体配置された庭園で、毛越寺では北の小山を借景し、浄土を表した光景が広がっております。庭園中央の大泉が池の周辺には、州浜、石組みや遣水など自然の景観が表されています。
毛越寺に隣接する観自在王院跡は、藤原基衡の妻が建立した寺院跡です。希少な平安時代の庭園遺構として国の名勝に指定され、世界遺産にもなっています。毛越寺庭園と旧観自在王院庭園は、日本最古の作庭書「作庭記」の技法を今に伝える貴重な庭園として、日本庭園史上、特に貴重な遺構として、旧観に復されました。
毛越寺は、平泉中尊寺、松島瑞巌寺、山形立石寺と共に「四寺廻廊」という巡礼コースを構成し、東北観光の人気コースとなっています。
世界遺産/国の史跡/特別史跡/特別名勝/四寺廻廊/天台宗別格本山/岩手県西磐井郡
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Motsu-ji Temple is located in Hiraizumi Town, Nishibai-gun, Iwate Prefecture. The temple grounds are designated as a special national historic site, and the garden is designated as a special place of scenic beauty as "Motsu-ji Garden. In 2011, the temple was registered as a World Heritage site.
According to temple legend, the temple was founded in 850 by Jikaku Daishi Ennin, the third head of Tendai, along with Chuson-ji temple. The temple was later destroyed by a great fire and devastated, but Motohira, the second Oshu Fujiwara lord, and Hidehira, the third Oshu Fujiwara lord, rebuilt the magnificent temple complex. According to Azuma Kagami, 40 temples and 500 monks lined up, and at that time it was larger than Chusonji temple. Kondo Enryu-ji was decorated with gold, silver, and sandalwood, and its solemnity was described as "the best of its kind in Japan.
The temple was destroyed by fire in 1226 and by war during the Warring States period (1467-1568), and for many years only the earthen platform and foundation stones remained. During the Edo period (1603-1868), the temple became part of the Sendai domain, and in 1636, upon the death of Date Masamune, the main temple of the time, Shaka Sanzon, was moved to Zuihoji Temple (Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture), which was the family temple of Masamune.In the latter half of the Meiji period (1868-1912), a new main hall and a storehouse were built outside the ruins of the southern Nandaimon gate. In 1921, the main gate of Ichinoseki Castle was relocated and used as the Sanmon gate. In 1922, the temple was designated as a national historic site.
The Motsu-ji precincts site was excavated over a five-year period beginning in 1954, and its scale and structure were almost completely elucidated. Many remains such as cornerstones reminiscent of the Heian period remain in the precincts, and the Pure Land Garden has become a symbol of Motsuji Temple as a remains of the end of the Heian period, and it shows the cathedral style of the Heian period. High academic value. The Pure Land Garden is a garden where a Buddhist temple and a garden pond are integrated. At Motsuji Temple, you can enjoy the scenery of the Pure Land by renting a small mountain in the north. The garden is surrounded by the Oizumigaike Pond in the center of the garden and features natural scenery such as a beach, stone masonry, and water features.
Kanjizaio-in Ato, adjacent to Motsu-ji Temple, is the site of a temple built by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira. It is designated as a national place of scenic beauty and a World Heritage site as a rare Heian-period garden site. Motsuji Garden and the former Kanjizaio-in Garden have been restored to their former state as particularly valuable remains in the history of Japanese gardens, as they are the only gardens in Japan to have been preserved using the techniques of the Sakuteiki, Japan's oldest gardening treatise.
Together with Chuson-ji Temple in Hiraizumi, Zuigan-ji Temple in Matsushima, and Risshaku-ji Temple in Yamagata, Motsu-ji Temple is part of a pilgrimage route called "Shi-ji Kairo," which is a popular tourist route in Tohoku.
World Heritage Site / National Historic Site / Special Place of Scenic / Shiji Corridor / Tendai Sect Special Headquarters / Nishiiwai District, Iwate Prefecture
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●Official Site
www.motsuji.or.jp/
●Access info
www.rome2rio.com/map/Tokyo-St...
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#毛越寺 #奥州平泉 #国の史跡 #岩手県 #世界遺産
Негізгі бет 【岩手/世界遺産】毛越寺と観自在王院跡/奥州平泉に佇む浄土の跡 - Motsu-ji Temple in IWATE, JAPAN / World Heritage Site -
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